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    PHOSALONE       JMPR 1976

    Explanation

         Phosalone was evaluated at the Joint Meeting in 1972 and, on
    the basis of data then available, a maximum residue limit of 2
    mg/kg for phosalone on cherries was recommended (FAO/WHO 1973). The
    Canadian Delegation to the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues in
    1975 advised that this limit was not sufficient to cover the
    residues resulting from approved uses of phosalone on cherries in
    Canada and the U.S.A., and that additional data would be supplied.

         Results of trials in Canada and the U.S.A. submitted by Canada
    were evaluated by the Meeting and the following monograph addendum
    is provided.

    RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION

    USE PATTERN

         In Canada, foliage applications of wettable powders or
    emulsifiable solutions are used at rates of 1 - 1.5 kg a.i./ ha or
    300-400 g a.i./100 1 to within 7 days of harvest for the control of
    a number of insects, including aphids, mites and cherry fruit
    flies. In the U.S.A. rates are somewhat higher.

    RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS

         Results of 15 supervised trials in various regions of the
    U.S.A. and Canada were submitted to the Meeting. Random samples
    were collected at various intervals from 0 to 70 days after the
    last of several applications. Most treatments were made at the
    officially approved rate but for comparison several trials were
    conducted at rates up to 2.5 times normal.

         All samples were frozen before shipment to the laboratory
    where a spectro-photometric method (limit of determination 0.1
    mg/kg) or a gas-chromatographic method (limit of determination 0.02
    mg/kg) was used for analysis. Recovery studies showed an average
    recovery of 92%.

         The results are summarised in Table 1. The residue level
    shortly after application is usually about 10 mg/kg. Its rate of
    decline is slow except during the period of intensive growth of
    fruit when apparently there is significant dilution. Generally the
    residue levels at harvest range above 5 mg/kg when treatment has
    been made 7-8 days prior to the normal harvest date. Though the
    trials included both sweet and sour cherries the data do not
    provide an adequate basis for determining whether there is any
    significant difference in the residue pattern for the two
    varieties. On the basis of these data the Meeting concluded that
    the maximum residue limit for phosalone on cherries should be
    raised to 10 mg/kg.


    
    TABLE 1. Phosalone residues in cherries, U.S.A.

                                                                                                                            

                                  Application,                   Residues, mg/kg, at interval (days) after application      
                                  no. X rate,
                                  g a.i./100 l                                                                              
    Variety             Year      and formulation     0          1          3          7          14         21         30
                                                                                                                            

    Bing                1967      3 X 500 EC          7.70       5.0                   3.3        2.8        1.7

                        1968      3 X 380 EC                     9.71       6.15       5.25

                                  3 X 500 EC                     14.56      9.72       9.32
                                  (1.3X)

                        1969      1 X 500 WP                                                                            0.5

                        1969      3 X 500 EC                     5.7        3.1        3.2        0.28
                                  (2x)

                        1973      5 X 600 EC                     10.03      3.82       8.5        6.5

                        1973      4 X 750 EC                     6.4        5.2        4.0        5.1

    Hedelfinger         1969      4 X 450 WP                     2.9                   1.2

                                  4 X 600 WP                     3.1                   2.1

    Montmorency*        1969      4 X 450 WP                     5.3                   2.9

                                  4 X 600 WP                     6.9                   5.0

                        1968      3 X 500 EC                     9.6                   6.3        5.9

                        1970      3 X 750 EC                     20.1                  9.0        4.5                   1.1
                                  (2.5x)

    TABLE 1. (Cont'd.)

                                                                                                                            

                                  Application,                   Residues, mg/kg, at interval (days) after application
                                  no. X rate,
                                  g a.i./100 l                                                                              
    Variety             Year      and formulation     0          1          3          7          14         21         30
                                                                                                                            

    Royal Ann           1967      3 X 750 EC          10.2       6.1                   5.92       4.1

                        1968      3 X 500 EC          6.75       5.57                  4.48       1.98
                                  (2x)

    Sour                1964      4 X 750 EC                                10.67      5.95       4.05       0.80

    Sweet               1964      4 X 500 EC          10.32      10.68      11.1       8.25       1.96       0.12

                        1973      5 X 1000 WP         10.24                            7.35       3.65
                                                                                                                            
    * This trial in Canada, not U.S.A.

    

         A trial involving the application of phosalone at 10 times the
    normal rate was conducted to determine whether a significant amount of
    the oxygen analogue could be formed. Samples drawn over the period 29
    to 8 days prior to harvest were examined by thin layer chromatography.
    It was estimated that even at the excessively high rate the amount of
    phosalone oxygen analogue present was less than 0.1 mg/kg.

    RECOMMENDATIONS

         The maximum residue limit for phosalone on cherries is amended as
    follows. The limit is for phosalone parent compound.

    Commodity                             Limit, mg/kg

    Cherries                                10

    REFERENCES

    FAO/WHO 1972 Evaluation of some pesticide residues in food.
    1973                AGP:1972/M/9/1; WHO Pesticide Residue series No.
                        2.
    


    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations
       Phosalone (ICSC)
       Phosalone (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 2)
       Phosalone (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 5)
       Phosalone (Pesticide residues in food: 1993 evaluations Part II Toxicology)
       Phosalone (Pesticide residues in food: 1997 evaluations Part II Toxicological & Environmental)
       Phosalone (JMPR Evaluations 2001 Part II Toxicological)