AcDON

acetylated deoxynivalenol

ADI

acceptable daily intake

4-ANIV

4-acetylnivalenol

AOAC

formerly, Association of Official Analytical Chemists; now, AOAC International

APCI

atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

AT1

anion transporter 1

aw

water activity

BFE-E

burst-forming unit–erythroid

BrDU

bromeodeoxyuridine

bw

body weight

CBA

carboxylic acid

CD

competitive direct

CEN

European Committee for Standardization

CFU

colony-forming unit

CV

coefficient of variation

CYP

cytochrome P450

DAD

diode array detection

DAS

diacetoxyscirpenol

dpm

decays per minute

DMAP

4-dimethylaminopyridine

DMBA

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

DON

deoxynivalenol

ECD

electron capture detection

ED50

median emetic dose

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FAO

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations

FDA

Food and Drug Administration (USA)

FID

flame ionization detection

FLD

fluorimetric detection

FX

fusarenon X

GC

gas chromatography

GM

granulocyte–monocyte

GPC

gel permeation chromatography

GST

glutathione S-transferase

GST-P

glutathione S-transferase, placental form

HBsAg

hepatitis B surface antigen

HBV

hepatitis B virus

HCV

hepatitis C virus

HFB

heptafluorobutanoyl

HFBA

heptafluorobutyric anhydride

HORRAT

ratio of RSDR in trial to predicted RSDr

HPLC

high-performance liquid chromatography

HPTLC

high-performance thin-layer chromatography

HSV

Herpes simplex virus

HT-2

15-Acetoxy-3alpha,4beta-dihydroxy-8alpha-[3-methylbutyryloxy]-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene

IARC

International Agency for Research on Cancer

ic

intracerebrally

IC50

median inhibitory concentration

ID50

median inhibitory dose

Ig

immunoglobulin

IPCS

International Programme on Chemical Safety

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

JECFA

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

Km

Michaelis constant

LC

liquid chromatography

LD50

median lethal dose

LOD

limit of detection

LOQ

limit of quantification

MAFF

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

MAS

monoacetoxyscirpenol

MS

mass spectrometry

MTT

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

MVK

Moolgavkar–Venzon–Knudson

NA

not available

NEO

neosolaniol

NIV

nivalenol

NOEL

no-observed-effect level

NR

not reported

OR

odds ratio

PCNA

proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

PEG

polyethylene glycol

PKC

phosphokinase C

PMTDI

provisional maximal tolerable daily intake

RSDr

relative standard deviation for repeatability

RSDR

relative standard deviation for reproducibility

SD

standard deviation

SDr

standard deviation for repeatability

SDR

standard deviation for reproducibility

SFC

supercritical fluid chromatography

SFE

supercritical fluid extraction

SPE

solid-phase extraction

T-2

4beta,15-diacetoxy-3alpha,dihydroxy-8alpha-[3-methylbutyryloxy]-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene

TBT

tributyl tin

TCMC

trichloromethylsilane

TDI

tolerable daily intake

TFA

trifluoroacetic acid

TFAA

trifluoroacetic anhydride

TGF

transforming growth factor

TLC

thin-layer chromatography

TMA

trimethylaluminium

TMCS

trimethylchlorosilane

TMI

trimethylindium

TMS

trimethylsilyl

TNF

tumour necrosis factor

TOCP

tri-ortho.cresyl phosphate

TPA

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate

TUNEL

tritiated thymidine-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labelling

UV

ultra-violet radiation

Vmax

maximum velocity

WHO

World Health Organization

ZEN

zearalenone