International Chemical Safety Cards Compilers Guide

10001000	UNEP/ILO/WHO IPCS
10002000	CARD MATRIX, October 2005, Version 1.25.03.
	Phrases with @ sign are no more selected into the ICSCs
10010000	Authors: []
	Expl. Name of Participating Institute with primary responsibility for completion of this ICSC.
	Ind. If an update, also indicate the Participating Institute of previous versions. Add also to the section 'History'.
10030000	Second Reviewer:
	Expl. Name of Participating Institute that reviewed draft ICSC.
	Ind. If an update, also indicate the Participating Institute of previous versions. Add also to the section 'History'.
10040000	Date of Review by Scientific Editor:
	Expl. Date of review by the Scientific Editor in the ICSC project.
	Ind. Date to be added by the Scientific Editor to the section 'History'.
10050000	Date of Peer-Review:
	Ind. Add also to the section 'History'.
11000000	CHEMICAL NAME
	Expl. For the MAIN NAME (use CAPITAL letters) priority is given to the name used by the manufacturing industry. If no common name is used, then the IUPAC name (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) comes first. This is the official chemical name according to the rules of the IUPAC. In addition to the main name and the IUPAC name, other important synonyms are given. The MAIN NAME is completed with an indication of the trade form of the substance to which the Card applies. Main names and synonyms are indexed.
11101000	[name]
	Expl. For the MAIN NAME (use CAPITAL letters) priority is given to the name used by the manufacturing industry. If no common name is used, then the IUPAC name (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) comes first. This is the official chemical name according to the rules of the IUPAC. In addition to the main name and the IUPAC name, other important synonyms are given. The MAIN NAME is completed with an indication of the trade form of the substance to which the Card applies. Main names and synonyms are indexed.
	Ind. Use roman digits between parentheses in this name to state the valency if necessary, e.g., IRON(III) OXIDE. The following prefixes are considered to form part of the name: bis, cyclo, iso and the numerals mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, etc. In the MAIN NAME they should be written in CAPITALS. The following prefixes should be considered as additions and should NOT be printed in CAPITALS in the MAIN NAME: ortho- (o-), meta- (m-), para- (p-), alpha- (alpha-), beta- (beta-), gamma- (gamma-), etc.; primary (prim-), secondary (sec-), tertiary (tert-); cis-, trans-; dextro- (d-), laevo- (l-); normal (n-), N- (link to the nitrogen atom).
11102000	[syn1]
	Ind. IUPAC name if different from 11101. Trivial names may be used without the stating the valency, e.g., copper sulfate for CuSO₄.5H2O
11103000	[syn2]
	Expl. In addition to the MAIN NAME, and the IUPAC name, EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) name is given here. Main names and synonyms are indexed.
	Ind. Trivial names may be used without stating the valency, e.g., copper sulfate for CuSO₄.5H₂O.
11104000	[syn3]
	Expl. In addition to the MAIN NAME, other important synonyms are given here and 11105. Main names and synonyms are indexed.
	Ind. Trivial names may be used without stating the valency, e.g., copper sulfate for CuSO₄.5H₂O.
11105000	[syn4]
	Expl. In addition to the MAIN NAME, other important synonyms are given here and 11105. Main names and synonyms are indexed.
	Ind. Trivial names may be used without stating the valency, e.g., copper sulfate for CuSO₄.5H₂O.
11301000	(cylinder)
	Ind. Applies if the substance is held in a cylinder suitable to keep gases or liquefied gases above atmospheric pressure.
	(13603) (13103/05/07) (22101/03) 22301 (22309) (22313)
11303000	(liquefied)
	Ind. Applies if the substance is a liquefied gas stored under atmospheric pressure, e.g., in a Dewar vessel. Cryogenics will have this description. This phrase does not apply to gases which are (partly) liquefied as a result of being kept under pressure in a cylinder; use 11301 instead.
	(13603) 13109 19205
11305000	(liquefied, cooled)
	Ind. Applies if the substance is an unstable gas (partly) liquefied under pressure and stored under continuous cooling to avoid decomposition. (Applies only to a few gases).
	(13603) 22303
11307000	(powder)
	Ind. Should normally be used only for metal powders.
11501000	[formula]
	Ind. Complete with the formula of the substance. For an organic substance use a linear formula, showing the structure of the substance as far as this can be informative to a person with basic chemical knowledge. In other cases, the elemental formula should be used.
11503000	Atomic mass: []
	Expl. The relative atomic mass is stated here. The relative atomic mass of a substance is the mass of 1 atom of that substance divided by 1/12 of the mass of 1 atom of carbon.
	Ind. Round off to the nearest 0.1.
11505000	Molecular mass: []
	Expl. The relative molecular mass is stated here. The relative molecular mass of a substance is the sum of the relative atomic masses of the elements which together form a molecule of that substance.
	Ind. Round off to the nearest 0.1.
11505010	variable
11701000	CAS # [#####-##-#]
	Expl. Unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers are used for identification as substances often have a number of synonyms.
11703000	RTECS # [AA#######]
	Expl. The number of the substance as given in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in USA. Important for looking up toxicological data of the substance, many of the synonyms can also be found in this Registry.
11901000	ICSC # [####]
	Expl. The number of the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) is recorded.
11911000	UN # [####]
	Expl. The United Nations has numbered a great many substances to facilitate identification, especially during transport. The UN Hazard Class, the UN Subsidiary Risks, and the UN Pack Group are entered in the field reserved for them in the section Identification. The use of UN number for classes or groups of chemicals (n.o.s: not otherwise specified) must be discussed by the Peer Review group.
11921000	EC # [###-###-##-#]
	Expl. The EU has assessed a large number of substances as to their classification, packaging and labelling. This is the index number for the chemical as specified in the regulations.
	Ind. Complete with the Index number of European Community. Apply according to the official interpretation of the EC criteria as described in 'Legislation on Dangerous Substances, Classification and Labelling in the European Communities', DIRECTIVE 67/548/EEC and as amended in Adaptation to Technical Progress, published by the Office for Official Publications EC, Luxembourg.
11923000	EINECS # [###-###-#]
	Expl. An inventory of chemical substances in commercial supply in the European Community between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981 has been prepared and since maintained. This is the reference number for the chemical in the inventory.
	Ind. Complete with the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances number.
12000000	¦ PHYSICAL ¦ PROPERTIES ¦
12101000	Boiling point: []°C
	Expl. Indicates the boiling point or range of the anhydrous substance at normal atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
	Ind. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius, use one decimal. If a different pressure is stated, use 12102.
12102000	Boiling point at []kPa: []°C
	Expl. Indicates the boiling point or range of the anhydrous substance at an atmospheric pressure different from the normal (101.3 kPa), which is preferred.
	Ind. Applies if there is a special reason to mention the boiling point at a pressure other than normal atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). Round off to the nearest degree Celsius, use one decimal.
12104000	Sublimation point: []°C
	Expl. A substance sublimes if on heating it passes directly from the solid to the vapour phase without melting.
	Ind. If the pressure at the triple point is >101.3 kPa. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius.
12105000	Sublimation []
12107000	Decomposes below boiling point at []°C
	Ind. If decomposition temperature is unknown, complete with 'see Notes'. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius.
12108000	Decomposes below boiling point []
	Ind. (24111)
12110000	Boiling point (decomposes): []°C
	Expl. If the substance decomposes during boiling at normal atmospheric pressure.
	Ind. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius.
121130000	Melting point: []°C
	Expl. Indicates the melting point (or range) of the substance at normal atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). If there is a significant difference between the melting point and the freezing point, the range is given. In case of hydrated substances (i.e., those with crystal water), the apparent melting point is given; this is then mentioned in NOTES (e.g., 24101).
	Ind. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius, use one decimal.
	(24113/24115)
12117000	Decomposes below melting point at []°C
	Ind. If decomposition temperature is unknown, complete with 'see Notes'; combine with 24111. Round off to nearest degree Celsius, use one decimal.
12118000	Decomposes below melting point: []
12120000	Melting point (decomposes): []°C
	Expl. If the substance decomposes during melting at normal atmospheric pressure.
	Ind. Round off to nearest degree Celsius.
12129000	Critical Temperature (NOT on card): []°C
	Ind. Use only in case of gases or liquids with a boiling point < 30°C. Round off to nearest degree Celsius.
12301000	Relative density (water = 1): []
	Expl. Indicates whether the substance floats or sinks on water. For gases condensed to the liquid phase the density of the liquid phase is given. The density mentioned (specific gravity) applies to normal ambient temperatures; other values, if relevant, are given in NOTES. Compressed gases (so-called permanent gases) do not have a liquid phase, so no value is mentioned. In case of a gas liquefied by cooling, the density of the liquid at atmospheric pressure is given in NOTES.
	Ind. Round off the value to the nearest 0.1; for values between 0.8 and 1.1, to the nearest 0.01. If possible, use values applying to temperatures between 15 and 25°C. Gases in cylinders:
	- if the critical temperature >= 15°C: mention the relative density to water of the liquid phase at 15 to 25°C.
	- if the critical temperature lies between -10 and 15°C: complete with 'see Notes' and mention in NOTES the density in kg/l at the critical temperature and mention this temperature (use a free phrase).
	- if the critical temperature < -10°C: skip phrase.
	Gases in a Dewar vessel (liquefied by cooling):
	- complete with 'see Notes'. Mention in NOTES (i.e., 24119) the density in kg/l at the atmospheric boiling point.
	(24119)
12302000	Density: []
	Expl. Relative density (12301) is typical for liquids. In source documents is often recorded the actual density in g/cm³. Density is used for many liquids and for most solids.
	Ind. Use this phrase in preference to 12301 if data are available. Round off the value to the nearest 0.1; for values between 0.8 and 1.1, to the nearest 0.01. If possible, use values applying to temperatures between 15 and 25°C.
12302010	g/cm³
12302020	g/l
12302030	kg/m³
12304000	Solubility in water, g/100 ml at []°C: []
	Expl. The solubility is given preferably in g/100 ml water at 20°C. If the solubility is not accurately known this is indicated as follows:
	'very poor'	(< 1 g/l)
	'poor'	(1 - 10 g/l)
	'moderate'	(10 - 100 g/l)
	'good'	(100 - 1000 g/l)
	'very good'	(> 1000 g/l)
	If the substance reacts spontaneously with water this is indicated by the term 'reaction'. A liquid which forms one liquid phase, when mixed with water in any proportion, is indicated with 'miscible'. For gases, the solubility under a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) is given.
12307000	Solubility in water, g/100 ml: []
	Expl. The solubility is given preferably in g/100 ml water at 20°C (see 12304). If the solubility is not accurately known this is indicated as follows:
	'very poor'	(< 1 g/l)
	'poor'	(1 - 10 g/l)
	'moderate'	(10 - 100 g/l)
	'good'	(100 - 1000 g/l)
	'very good'	(> 1000 g/l)
	If the substance reacts spontaneously with water this is indicated by the term 'reaction'. A liquid which forms one liquid phase, when mixed with water in any proportion, is indicated with 'miscible'. For gases, the solubility under a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) is given.
	Ind. Use this phrase if a value without a temperature is known.
12310000	Solubility in water: []
	Expl. The solubility is given preferably in g/100 ml water at 20°C (see 12304). If the solubility is not accurately known this is indicated as follows:
	'very poor'	(< 1 g/l)
	'poor'	(1 - 10 g/l)
	'moderate'	(10 - 100 g/l)
	'good'	(100 - 1000 g/l)
	'very good'	(> 1000 g/l)
	If the substance reacts spontaneously with water this is indicated by the term 'reaction'. A liquid which forms one liquid phase, when mixed with water in any proportion, is indicated with 'miscible'. For gases, the solubility under a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) is given.
	Ind. If the solubility is not accurately known complete this phrase with an adjective (poor, moderate, good,...). If possible, add to the adjective the applicable range between parentheses, using the following scale:
	'very poor'	(< 1 g/l)
	'poor'	(1 - 10 g/l)
	'moderate'	(10 - 100 g/l)
	'good'	(100 - 1000 g/l)
	'very good'	(> 1000 g/l)
	This phrase can also be completed with 'reaction', but this is not to be used if the reaction with water has an (estimated) half-life >1 hour. In those cases the solubility is given in g/l while further indications are given with 13383/89.
	(13383) (13389) (13383120) (13389290)
12313000	Solubility in water, ml/100 ml at []°C: []
	Expl. The solubility is given preferably in g/100 ml water at 20°C (see 12304). If the solubility is not accurately known this is indicated as follows:
	If the substance reacts spontaneously with water this is indicated by the term 'reaction'. A liquid which, when mixed with water in any proportion, forms one liquid phase is indicated with 'miscible'. For gases, the solubility under a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) is given.
	Ind. Use this phrase for gases.

12501000	Vapour pressure, kPa at []°C: []
	Expl. The vapour pressure of gases in cylinders liquefied under pressure is given in kPa mentioning the corresponding temperature. (Note: 100 kPa = 1 bar). The saturated vapour pressure of solids and liquids is given in Pa or in kPa, preferably at a temperature of 20°C. (Note: 1 kPa = 1000 Pa = 10 mbar). If a calculated value is given this is indicated with 'ab.' (i.e., about). The vapour pressures at 20°C of substances boiling at temperatures >= 350°C are negligible and should NOT be mentioned.
	Ind. Skip for gases with a critical temperature <-10°C and for substances with a boiling point >=350°C and an OEL >= 0.1 ppm. (For the OEL, see 13400). Use this phrase for a vapour pressure >= 0.1 kPa. Rounding off:
	>= 100 kPa	to the nearest unit
	1-100 kPa	to 1 significant digit after the decimal point
	>= 0.1-1 kPa	to 2 significant digits after the decimal point
	1-100 Pa	to the nearest unit
	< 1 Pa	to the nearest significant digit after the decimal point.
	If no value can be found, a calculated value is used; see Appendix 1.
	Rounding off calculated values:
	>= 5 kPa	to the nearest unit
	2-5 kPa	to the nearest 0.5 kPa
	0.1-2 kPa	to the nearest 0.01 kPa
	10-100 Pa	to the nearest 10 Pa
	< 10 Pa	state as < 10 Pa
12504000	Vapour pressure, Pa at []°C: []
	Expl. The vapour pressure of gases in cylinders liquefied under pressure is given in kPa mentioning the corresponding temperature. (Note: 100 kPa = 1 bar). The saturated vapour pressure of solids and liquids is given in Pa or in kPa, preferably at a temperature of 20°C. (Note: 1 kPa = 1000 Pa = 10 mbar). If a calculated value is given this is indicated with 'ab.' (i.e., about). The vapour pressures at 20°C of substances boiling at temperatures >=350°C are negligible and should NOT be mentioned.
	Ind. Use 12501 for a vapour pressure >= 0.1 kPa.
	Rounding off:
	>= 100 kPa	to the nearest unit
	1-100 kPa	to 1 significant digit after the decimal point
	>= 0.1-1 kPa	to 2 significant digits after the decimal point
	1-100 Pa	to the nearest unit
	< 1 Pa	to the nearest significant digit after the decimal point
	IF no value can be found, a calculated value is used; see Appendix 1.
	Rounding off calculated values:
	>= 5 kPa	to the nearest unit
	2-5 kPa	to the nearest 0.5 kPa
	0.1-2 kPa	to the nearest 0.01 kPa
	10-100 Pa	to the nearest 10 Pa
	< 10 Pa	state as < 10 Pa
12504010	negligible
12507000	Relative vapour density (air = 1): []
	Expl. This value indicates how many times a gas (or vapour) is heavier than air at the same temperature. For vapours from liquids and solids this value applies only for the vapour from the boiling liquid, therefore not for normal ambient temperatures.
	Ind. Skip if the boiling point >=350°C. Round to 0.01 for values between 0.9 and 1.1; round other values to 0.1.
	Calculation (see Appendix 2):

12510000	Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1): []
	Expl. A mixture consisting of vapour and air is present above liquids (and solids) that are in contact with the open air. The density of this mixture relative to the surrounding pure air at 20°C, is important to the behaviour of this mixture. At values >= 1.1 the mixture may travel along the ground and may accumulate in depressions. At values between 0.9 and 1.1 fast mixing with the surrounding air may be expected.
	Ind. Skip if the substance is a gas or has a boiling point >=350°C. Round to 0.01 for values between 0.9 and 1.1; round other values to 0.1.
	Calculation (see Appendix 2):
	D_m = 1 + (34 x P₂₀ x 0.000001 x [M-29])
12701000	Flash point: []°C
	Expl. A common definition of the flash point is: 'the lowest temperature at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) at which a liquid gives off so much combustible vapour at the liquid surface that this vapour, when mixed intimately with air, can be ignited by a flame or spark.' Flash points are also important characteristics of volatile solids such as benzoic acid and camphor. Although this definition of the concept flash point is unambiguous, its determination in actual practice meets with so many difficulties that it has been found necessary to specify the measurement procedures used for obtaining flash point values. Also, different authors may give different values as a result of impurities. When the exact value of the flash point is important in practice, it is best determined on the technical product at hand. The literature values have not always been determined according to one of the 'authorized' methods; the flash points quoted may differ from the values obtained by statutory methods. For safety reasons, the lowest value mentioned in authoritative references has been chosen. The addition 'o.c.' (open cup) or 'c.c.' (closed cup) indicates the determination method.
	Ind. Preference should be given to closed cup values, if available, otherwise open cup values can be used. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius and add 'c.c.' or 'o.c.'. State 'none' if the flash point cannot be determined although explosion limits are given. State 'see Notes' if no flash point in literature can be found although the substance is combustible; combine with 24213. Skip if the substance is not combustible. See 12704 for flammable gases.
	(14101/03/05/07) (24213)
12704000	Flash point: Flammable Gas
	Ind. Apply if a gas (see 13101) with flash point <0°C.
	14101/03/05/07
12705000	Flash point: []
	Expl. A common definition of the flash point is: 'the lowest temperature at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) at which a liquid gives off so much combustible vapour at the liquid surface that this vapour, when mixed intimately with air, can be ignited by a flame or spark.' Flash points are also important characteristics of volatile solids such as benzoic acid and camphor. Although this definition of the concept flash point is unambiguous, its determination in actual practice meets with so many difficulties that it has been found necessary to specify the measurement procedures used for obtaining flash point values. Also, different authors may give different values as a result of impurities. When the exact value of the flash point is important in practice, it is best determined on the technical product at hand. The literature values have not always been determined according to one of the 'authorized' methods; the flash points quoted may differ from the values obtained by statutory methods. For safety reasons, the lowest value mentioned in authoritative references has been chosen. The addition 'o.c.' (open cup) or 'c.c.' (closed cup) indicates the determination method.
	Ind. Preference should be given to closed cup values, if available, otherwise open cup values can be used. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius and add 'c.c.' or 'o.c.'. State 'none' if the flash point cannot be determined although explosion limits are given. State 'see Notes' if no flash point in literature can be found although the substance is combustible; combine with 24213. Skip if the substance is not combustible. See 12704 for flammable gases.
	(14101/03/05/07) (24213)
12707000	Auto-ignition temperature: []°C
	Expl. A common definition of the auto-ignition temperature is: 'the lowest temperature at which a substance ignites spontaneously in contact with air and at which the combustion continues without there being a source of ignition (flame or spark).' The auto-ignition temperature depends not only on the properties of the substance but also on the dimensions, shape, nature of the contact material, and many other factors. In cases where the literature gives different values the lowest has been chosen. The auto-ignition temperature is important for the selection of electrical apparatus used in areas where explosive vapour/air mixtures may be present.
	Ind. Round off to the nearest degree Celsius.
12710000	Explosive limits, vol% in air: []
	Expl. The explosive limits are the range in which a mixture of a vapour, gas, mist, or powder with air can catch fire or explode when ignited. The explosive limits of gases and vapours in air are given in percentage by volume. Vapour pressure, flash point, and lower explosive limit are interrelated. The explosive limits of powders depend on the size of the particles. Usually the explosive limits of powders range from about 0.04 to several kg/cubic meter.
	Ind. The upper and lower explosive limits should be given, rounded off to 0.1%, separated by a 'hyphen'. Use '?' if the upper value is unknown.
	If the substance is combustible but explosive limits are not known and the (estimated) flash point <=61°C: add 'see Notes' and also use 24215.
	If the (estimated) flash point >61°C or the flash point cannot be estimated: do not use this phrase. If the substance is a powder, forming explosive mixtures with known limit values, these could be mentioned in Notes.
12713000	Minimum ignition energy (NOT on card): []mJ
	Ind. A list of minimum ignition energy values taken from the literature is given in Appendix 3. This value has to be used in determining the possible selection of 15213.
	(15213)
12716000	Electrical conductivity (NOT on card): []pS/m
	Apply to liquids (including liquid compressed gases). The electrical conductivity of a liquid is used for possible selection of 13221, 15207 and 15209. Electrical conductivity values found in the literature may be given in other units:
	- S/m: multiply by 1,000,000,000,000 to get pS/m
	- Mho/cm: multiply by 100,000,000,000,000
	(Note: Mho = reciprocal Ohm).
	As electrical conductivity is not highly dependant on temperature, values determined between 15 and 25°C can be used.
	(13221) (15207) (15209)
12801000	Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: []
	Expl. The octanol/water partition coefficient of a substance is useful as a means to predict soil adsorption, biological uptake, lipophilic storage, and bioconcentration, and is defined as the ratio of the concentration of a substance in octanol and water. For convenience, the logarithm of the Pow is used.
	Ind. Values determined at about 20°C and 1 atmosphere should be given. Many log Pow values can be found in the Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, K. Verschueren. (1983), van Nostrand Reinhold; or in Leo, A., Hansch, C., and Elkins, D. (1971), Partition coefficients and their uses. Chemical Reviews, 71(6), 525-616.

13000000	¦ I M P O R T A N T D A T A ¦
13100000	PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE:
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. Indicate the physical state using the table in explanation. A substance with a boiling point of 20°C should be classified as 'gas or liquid'; a substance with a melting point of 20°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'.
13101000	[]GAS
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point less than 15°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'gas'; a substance with a boiling point between 15 and 30°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as 'gas or liquid'. The COLOUR and/or 'ODOURLESS' may be added. Do not describe the odour as this is highly subjective and will depend on the concentration.
13102000	ODOURLESS
	Ind. Generally not to be used for solid.
	(24502)
13103000	[]COMPRESSED GAS
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. Use this phrase if a gas with a critical temperature <-10°C. Critical temperature is the highest temperature at which the gas can be condensed to liquid. The COLOUR and/or 'ODOURLESS' may be added. Do not describe the odour because this is highly subjective and will depend on the concentration.
11301
13105000	[]COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. Use this phrase if a gas with a critical temperature >-10°C. Critical temperature is the highest temperature at which the gas can be condensed to a liquid. The COLOUR and/or 'ODOURLESS' may be added. Do not describe the odour because this is highly subjective and will depend on the concentration.
	(18125 18303) 11301 13741 18203 21239 24519
13107000	[]GAS DISSOLVED IN []UNDER PRESSURE
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point less than 15°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'gas'. The COLOUR and/or 'ODOURLESS' may be added. Do not describe the odour because this is highly subjective and will depend on the concentration. For this phrase, mention the name of the solvent in which the gas is dissolved.
	11301
13109000	[]CRYOGENIC LIQUID
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
	Cryogenic is a term applied to substances in very low temperatures.
	Ind. Use this phrase in the case of liquefied gases kept in open containers (Dewar vessels) with a boiling point <-30°C at atmospheric pressure.
	11303 18303 18125 21239 13743 18203
13111000	[]COLOURLESS LIQUID
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'liquid'; a substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point between 15 and 30°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'. Complete this phrase with 'VERY VOLATILE' if the saturated vapour pressure at 20°C >= 40 kPa (if p₂₀ is unknown, then if b.p. <40°C). Other indications, e.g., the COLOUR or ODOUR (see 13143), may be added.
13113000	[]LIQUID
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'liquid'; a substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point between 15 and 30°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'. Complete this phrase with 'VERY VOLATILE' if the saturated vapour pressure at 20°C >= 40 kPa (if p₂₀ is unknown, then if the b.p. <40°C). Other indications, e.g., the COLOUR or ODOUR (see 13143), may be added.
13115000	[]VISCOUS LIQUID
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'liquid'; a substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point between 15 and 30°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'. Complete this phrase with 'VERY VOLATILE' if the saturated vapour pressure at 20°C >= 40 kPa (if p₂₀ is unknown, then if the b.p. <40°C). Other indications, e.g., the COLOUR or ODOUR (see 13143), may be added.
13117000	[]FUMING LIQUID
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B.: Other definitions may be used in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'liquid'; a substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point between 15 and 30°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'. Complete this phrase with 'VERY VOLATILE' if the saturated vapour pressure at 20°C >= 40 kPa (if p₂₀ is unknown, then if the b.p. <40°C). Other indications, e.g., the COLOUR or ODOUR (see 13143), may be added.
13119000	[]HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID
	Expl. Substances are classified as gas, liquid, or solid according to their boiling and melting points at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa).
		b.p °C	m.p. °C
	gas	< 15	< 15
	gas or liquid	15 - 30	< 15
	liquid	>= 30	< 15
	liquid or solid	>= 30	15 - 30
	solid	>= 30	>= 30
	N.B. Other definitions may be used: in national legislation!
	Ind. A substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point less than 15°C should be classified as a 'liquid'; a substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and with a melting point between 15 and 30°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'. Complete this phrase with 'VERY VOLATILE' if the saturated vapour pressure at 20°C >= 40 kPa (if p₂₀ is unknown, then if the b.p. <40°C). Other indications, e.g., the COLOUR or ODOUR (see 13143), may be added.
	(22305)
13121000	[]SOLUTION IN []
	Expl. Some substances are generally supplied dissolved in a solvent. This phrase describes what percentage of the substance is present and the solvent.
	Ind. Complete this phrase with the concentration (%), the name of the substance, and the name of the solvent.
13123000	[]CRYSTALS
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance with clearly crystalline form.
	Ind. A substance with both a boiling point and a melting point greater than 30°C should be classified as a 'solid'; a substance with a boiling point greater than 30°C and a melting point between 15 and 30°C should be classified as 'liquid or solid'. Complete this phrase with the COLOUR and/or adjectives such as HYGROSCOPIC, DELIQUESCENT, DRY, etc. Combinations of the phrases may be made: e.g., 13123 'RED CRYSTALS'; 13131 'OR DRY RED POWDER'. Use a free phrase if necessary, in cases where a good description is not possible using fixed phrases.
	(22305)
13125000	[]PELLETS
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance which is generally supplied in the form of pellets.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is generally supplied as pellets.
	(22305)
13127000	[]FLAKES
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance in flake form.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is normally supplied as flakes.
	(22305)
13129000	[]LUMPS
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance which is generally formed into lumps.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is normally supplied in the form of lumps.
	(22305)
13131000	[]POWDER
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance which is generally supplied in the form of powder.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is normally supplied as a powder.
	(22305)
13133000	[]CRYSTALLINE POWDER
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance in finely divided but crystalline form.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is normally supplied in finely divided, but crystalline form.
	(22305)
13135000	[]PASTE
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid substance which is generally supplied as a paste (neither in liquid nor solid form).
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is normally supplied in the form of a paste.
	(22305)
13137000	[]SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS
	Expl. Solids can exist in various forms largely dependent on their physicochemical properties. The form(s) in which they are generally found in the industrial setting are described. Describes a solid which is generally supplied in a number of forms.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is normally supplied as a solid in a variety of forms.
	(22305)
13139000	[]
13141000	, WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.
	Ind. Use for example for vapours from hydrochloric acid, sulfur oxides, ammonia, etc. Do not use if this property is only slight. Use only if the chemical has a clearly recognizable odour that is specific to the chemical. Do not describe the odour, as this is highly subjective, and will depend on the concentration.
13143000	, WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.
	Expl. Many substances have a characteristic odour, but as this is subjective and depends on the concentration, it is not further described on the ICSC. Odour limits (thresholds) are also unreliable and are, therefore, not given. In NOTES an indication may be found concerning the relation between the odour limit and the Occupational Exposure Limit.
13145000	TURNS [] ON EXPOSURE TO [].
	Expl. Some substances may change colour under certain conditions such as on exposure to air or to light.
	Ind. Complete this phrase with the colour and condition, e.g., 'TURNS YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO AIR/LIGHT'.
13146000	[]
13147000	[]
13200000	PHYSICAL DANGERS:
13201000	The gas is heavier than air[].
	Expl. Relates to gases with a relative vapour density greater than 1.1. When these gases are released, they will travel along the ground.
	Ind. If a gas with relative vapour density (air = 1) >= 1.1
13203000	The vapour is heavier than air[]
	Expl. Relates to substances for which the relative density of the vapour/air mixture relative to air is greater than 1.1. When these vapours are released they will travel along the ground.
	Ind. If relative density of vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1) >= 1.1
13205000	and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible[].
	Expl. Relates to substances for which the vapour density of the gas or the vapour/air mixture relative to air is greater than 1.1 and for which the flash point is < 21°C. When these vapours or gases are released they will travel along the ground and form an explosive mixture, even at a considerable distance from the source of emission.
	Ind. Apply 13205 if 13201 or 13203 is used and the flash point < 21°C.
13207000	and may accumulate in lowered spaces causing a deficiency of oxygen.
	Expl. Relates to substances for which the vapour density of the gas or the vapour/air mixture relative to air is greater than 1.1. When these vapours are released they will travel along the ground and may accumulate in lowered spaces displacing the air, resulting in oxygen deficiency.
	Ind. Apply 13207 if 13201 is used and the gas:
	- has no pungent odour (13141 is not used)
	Apply 13207 if 13203 is used and the vapour:
	- has no pungent odour (13141 is not used) AND
	- has a vapour pressure (at 20°C) > 10 kPa
	This phrase also applies to simple asphyxiants as defined by the ACGIH and having a density with respect to air >= 1.1.
	(Refer to 13400 for OEL and ACGIH discussions).
	24429 24431
13211000	The gas mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are formed easily.
	Expl. This phrase applies to gases with a vapour density of the gas between 0.9 and 1.1 and with a flash point < 21°C. Although less dangerous than heavier gases or vapours, there is still a possibility of explosion.
	Ind. Use if a flammable gas and the density relative to air >= 0.9 and < 1.1.
13213000	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are formed easily.
	Expl. This phrase applies to substances with a vapour density of the vapour/air mixture between 0.9 and 1.1 and with a flash point < 21°C. Although less dangerous than heavier vapours there is still a possibility of explosion.
	Ind. Use if the vapour-air mixture of the substance has a density relative to air (at 20 °C) >= 0.9 and < 1.1 and the flash point < 21°C.
13217000	The gas is lighter than air.
	Expl. Relates to combustible gases whose vapour density relative to air is < 0.9. When these gases are released they accumulate in the uppermost part of a building; exhaust facilities must be mounted high.
	Ind. Use if a combustible gas with relative density to air < 0.9.
13221000	As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.
	Expl. Electrostatic charges can be generated by the pumping, stirring, filtration, etc., of liquids having a conductivity lower than 10 000 pS/m. This occurs more readily when the liquids contain other liquids, gases, or solid particles (e.g., mixtures, suspensions). Equipment such as pumps, drums, piping, etc., become electrically charged and may make sparks when discharging to 'earth'. This may cause explosion of flammable vapour/air mixtures. A suitable remedy is to ground the conducting parts of such equipment.
	In some cases of mist and dust explosions, it has also been assumed that static discharge has been the ignition source. In contrast to liquids, the conductivity of dust particles or droplets in dust clouds or mists is of little or no significance in the charge-generating capacity.
	Ind. If a liquid (including liquefied compressed gas) with conductivity lower than 10 000 pS/m.
	15207 (15209)
13222000	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.
	Expl. This is applicable to combustible substances which have the form of a powder or fine granules (diameter smaller than 0.5 mm). When well mixed with air, a substance in this form may deflagrate on ignition, even when somewhat humid. In a confined space, the deflagration may turn into an explosion. These dust explosions may be violent.
	Ind. Applies if the substance is combustible and in the form of powder or granules with diameters smaller than 0.5 mm. Do not use this phrase if the literature contains evidence that when the substance is dispersed in air, it cannot be ignited.
	15107 15217
13223000	If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc.
	Expl. In such cases it is imperative to take special preventive measures. An expert should be consulted.
	Ind. Applies if 13222 has been used and the substance is non-hygroscopic.
	15219
13225000	[]
13300000	CHEMICAL DANGERS:
13301000	The substance can form explosive peroxides[].
	Expl. During storage, peroxides can be formed. During distillation and evaporation (by heating) the substance concentrates to peroxides and the residue is explosive. Peroxides should be neutralized before concentration with ferrous thiocyanate or by passing the liquid over a column of activated alumina. These substances should not be stored over 12 months. (See Annex for reference)
	Ind. Apply if mentioned in list B of Data Sheet 1-655, National Safety Council, Chicago (USA) or if other definite indications of peroxide formation are present.
	22301 22307 24513 (22405)
13303000	The substance can readily form explosive peroxides[].
	Expl. Compounds that form peroxides that can explode even without being concentrated. Peroxides should be neutralized with ferrous thiocyanate or by passing the liquid over a column with activated alumina. These substances should not be stored over 3 months.
	Ind. Apply if mentioned in list A of Data Sheet 1-655, National Safety Council. Includes substances such as isopropyl ether, diphenylacetylene, vinylidene chloride, potassium and sodium amide.
	22301 22307 24513 (22405)
13305000	The substance can presumably form explosive peroxides[].
	Ind. Apply only to substances that are not listed as peroxidizable compounds in Data Sheet 1-655 and when other definite indication are also lacking, but the chemical structure permits formation of peroxides.
	22307 22301 24513
13307000	The substance can under specific circumstances []form peroxides, initiating explosive polymerization.
	Expl. In some cases peroxides initiate polymerization. Peroxides are generally neutralized with ferrous thiocyanate or by passing the liquid over a column with activated alumina.
	Ind. Applies if mentioned in list C of Data Sheet 1-655. For butadiene, chloroprene, and tetrafluoroethylene the phrase is completed with 'readily'.
	(22301) (22307) (22401) (22405) 24513
13311000	The substance []polymerize[]
	Expl. Polymerization is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a substance combine to form larger molecules. This reaction generally involves liberation of heat, which may result in the building up of pressure or may give rise to fire and/or explosion.
	Ind. This series of phrases (13311/19) may be combined as desired. This phrase can be used as such (i.e., The substance polymerizes.....) or can be completed with 'may' (i.e., The substance may polymerize .....).
13311010	may
13311030	will
13313000	due to warming[]
	Ind. This phrase is used in connection with temperatures < 80°C. If known, temperatures should be mentioned, e.g., due to warming above 75°C.
	22301
13315000	due to heating[]
	Ind. This phrase is used in connection with temperatures > 80°C. If known, temperatures should be mentioned, e.g., due to heating above 100°C.
	(22301)
13317000	under the influence of []
	Ind. With this phrase, only general polymerization conditions/catalysts such as heat, light, acids/bases, metals, etc., should be mentioned; restrict to 4 items. Polymerization with other substances should only be mentioned if common chemicals.
	(22307) (22401) 22405
13317010	acid(s)
13317020	base(s)
13317030	heat
13317040	light
13317050	metals
13317060	temperatures above ##° C
13319000	with fire or explosion hazard.
	Ind. (22301) (22307) (22401) (22405)
13321000	Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion[].
	Expl. This warning applies to substances that react as a result of self-heating or local heating, and continue to react even when no air is supplied. This results in a blazing combustion and in a 'confined' space may lead to a violent explosion.
	Ind. Base the application of this and other phrases on explosion depending on data found in relevant literature.
	14121 (24225)
13323000	May decompose explosively on shock, friction, or concussion.
	Ind. Base the application of this and other phrases on explosion depending on data found in relevant literature.
	14121 15215
13325000	May explode on heating[].
	Ind. Base the application of this and other phrases on explosion depending on data found in relevant literature.
	(14121) (24225)
13327000	Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with [].
	Ind. Base the application of this and other phrases on explosion depending on data found in relevant literature. Do NOT apply to shock-sensitive mixtures (e.g., due to contamination); use phrase 24223 instead.
	(14121) (24227) (24225)
13329000	The substance may ignite spontaneously on contact []with air[].
	Ind. Use the brackets to distinguish the reaction of the substance with water from the reaction with oxygen. For example 'The substance may ignite spontaneously on contact with[ moisture in ]air[]. '
13331000	On combustion, forms [].
	Expl. This phrase mentions important products of combustion. These substances may, in themselves, cause e.g. health hazards. The combustion of nearly all organic substances causes the formation of toxic gases, including carbon monoxide (CO). On these ICSCs, the formation of CO is mentioned if it constitutes a predominant part of the combustion products.
	Ind. Complete with toxic/caustic/acid/irritant/combustible/flammable/gas/vapour/mists/ fumes/solid and, if known, with the name of combustion product(s) between parentheses. In general combustion often produces a mixture of undefined toxic gases and CO; therefore 'toxic gases' may suffices. With aromatic and hetero-aromatic compounds the formation of CO is so predominant that it should be mentioned. See also for reference to other ICSCs. An example could be: On combustion, forms toxic gas including nitrogen oxides. Use one of the series 13341/13357 for more complicated cases.
13331010	acetic acid fumes
13331020	acrolein
13331030	ammonia fumes
13331040	arsenic oxides
13331050	arsenic fumes
13331060	carbon monoxide
13331070	carbon sulfide
13331080	chlorine fumes
13331090	chlorine dioxide
13331100	corrosive gases
13331110	corrosive fumes
13331120	dioxins
13331130	hydrides
13331140	hydrogen bromide
13331150	hydrogen chloride
13331160	hydrogen cyanide
13331170	hydrogen iodide
13331180	hydrogen fluoride
13331190	hydrogen sulfide
13331200	hydrogen
13331210	nitrogen oxides
13331220	ozone
13331230	phosgene
13331240	phosphorus oxides
13331250	sulfur oxides
13331260	toxic gases
13331270	toxic fumes
13331280	toxic and corrosive gases
13331290	toxic and corrosive fumes
13331310	including
13333000	On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming [].
	Ind. Only to be used for substances which are only slightly or not at all combustible and which, on heating in contact with air, decompose forming noxious gases/vapours. Phosgene is formed from chlorinated hydrocarbons if the chlorine atom is linked to an unsaturated carbon atom; in other cases only HCl is formed. Some nitrogen-compounds may develop nitrous fumes (i.e., nitrogen oxides or NO_x).
	24511
13333010	acetic acid fumes
13333020	acrolein
13333030	ammonia fumes
13333040	arsenic oxides
13333050	arsenic fumes
13333060	carbon monoxide
13333070	carbon sulfides
13333080	chlorine fumes
13333090	chlorine dioxide
13333100	corrosive gases
13333110	corrosive fumes
13333120	dioxins
13333130	hydrides
13333140	hydrogen bromide
13333150	hydrogen chloride
13333160	hydrogen cyanide
13333170	hydrogen iodide
13333180	hydrogen fluoride
13333190	hydrogen sulfide
13333200	hydrogen
13333210	nitrogen oxides
13333220	ozone
13333230	phosgene
13333240	phosphorus oxides
13333250	sulfur oxides
13333260	toxic gases
13333270	toxic fumes
13333280	toxic and corrosive gases
13333290	toxic and corrosive fumes
13333310	including
13341000	The substance decomposes []
	Ind. Do not use for elemental substances; use 13359 instead. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
13341010	rapidly
13341020	slowly
13343000	on warming []
	Ind. Complete with a temperature value if one is known, e.g. '(above 70°C)'; use for temperatures <80°C. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
13345000	on heating []
	Ind. Complete with a temperature value if one is known, e.g. '(above 85°C)'; use 13343 for temperatures < 80°C; if the temperature is unknown and the substance is combustible, use 13347. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
13347000	on burning []
	Ind. Use if the substance is combustible. If no flash point, use 14129 where appropriate.
13349000	on contact with []
	Ind. Only to be used if it reacts with common chemicals or chemical groups likely to be found in an industrial setting. Do not mention specific chemicals; only reaction products (13353) should be highlighted. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
	(22201)
13349010	hot surfaces or flames
13349020	acids
13349030	bases
13349040	oxidants
13349050	water
13349080	or
13349090	and
13351000	under the influence of []
	Ind. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
	(22305) (22307) (22308)
13351010	air
13351020	light
13351030	UV light
13351040	moisture
13353000	producing []
	Ind. Complete with toxic/caustic/acid/irritant/combustible/flammable/gas/vapour/ mists/fumes/solid and, if known, with the name of the decomposition product(s) between parentheses. In general combustion often produces a mixture of undefined toxic gases and CO; therefore 'toxic gases' may suffices. With aromatic and hetero-aromatic compounds the formation of CO is so predominant that it should be mentioned. If oxygen is produced, then combine with 13355. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
13353010	acetic acid fumes
13353020	acrolein
13353030	ammonia
13353040	arsenic oxides
13353050	arsenic fumes
13353060	carbon monoxide
13353070	carbon sulfide
13353080	chlorine
13353090	chlorine dioxide
13353100	corrosive gases
13353110	corrosive fumes
13353120	dioxins
13353130	hydrides
13353140	hydrogen bromide
13353150	hydrogen chloride
13353160	hydrogen cyanide
13353170	hydrogen iodide
13353180	hydrogen fluoride
13353190	hydrogen sulfide
13353200	hydrogen
13353210	nitrogen oxides
13353220	ozone
13353230	phosgene
13353240	phosphorus oxides
13353250	sulfur oxides
13353260	toxic gases
13353270	toxic fumes
13353280	toxic and corrosive gases
13353290	toxic and corrosive fumes
13353300	irritating fumes
13353320	including
13353330	and
13355000	, which increases fire hazard.
	Ind. Apply to oxygen-carriers, e.g., nitrates, some organic peroxides, and other 'per'- compounds; see also UN Class 5.1. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
	(14113)
13357000	, causing fire and explosion hazard.
	Ind. Only use if the decomposition itself causes fire or explosion hazard; not on the fact that, for example, a combustible gas is produced. Can be combined when appropriate with any of the phrases.
13359000	On heating, toxic fumes are formed.
	Ind. Can be used instead of 13341 for elemental substances, especially metals.
	(14129)
13361000	The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts []with combustible and reducing materials[].
	Ind. After 'reacts' the word 'violently' can be entered. The phrase can be completed by mentioning examples/special conditions. Strong oxidants are substances which readily respond to the potassium iodide I test by releasing iodine:
	- Water-soluble substances: dissolve in a little water and adjust to pH 4-5, unless already acidic. Add a drop of the solution to 1 ml of a fresh 10% aqueous potassium iodide (KI) solution.
	- Water-insoluble substances: add 0.1 g to 1 ml of a 10% solution of potassium iodide in acetic acid. A substance is also regarded as a strong oxidant if, when mixed with cellulose, the burning rate of the mixture equals or exceeds that of a mixture of barium nitrate and cellulose. This test is described in the Official Journal of the European Communities, L251, 19.9.1984.
	(13703) (13709-17) (14113) 14205 18307 (19203) 21237 22201-02 24509
13361010	violently
13363000	The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts []with oxidants[].
	Ind. After 'reacts' the word 'violently' can be entered. The phrase can be completed by mentioning examples/special conditions. Applies to typical electron donors, generally described in the literature as 'strong reducing agents'. Most of them are readily oxidized by contact with air. An example is stannous chloride. Many organic substances, e.g., saturated, hydrocarbons, also react with strong oxidants but are not strong reducing agents in the above sense. For these substances use 13381.
	18307 21237 22201-03 24509
13363010	violently
13365000	The substance[] may reduce the oxygen content of air.
	Expl. The substance, when in contact with air in confined spaces, may deplete the oxygen content to a dangerous extent.
	Ind. This hazard is most relevant for solid reducing agents.
	24429 24431
13367000	The substance is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive[].
	Expl. Acids and bases are substances of mutually antagonistic character. Instead of 'bases', the terms 'alkaline' or 'caustic' substance are sometimes used. Both strong acids and bases are corrosive (mordant) to the skin and eyes. This property is generally known for acids, but the bases are just as dangerous in particular to the eyes. Strong acids and bases often react violently with other substances and attack many metals. Medium strong acids and bases are less dangerous but should not be handled carelessly. The terms strong acid applies to the well-known chemically strong acids (almost totally dissociating in water), including borderline cases with pH < 0.2.
	Ind. Use for liquid acids with pH <= 0.2; use 13368 for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to acids. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. This phrase can be completed with indications of the materials towards which this strong acid is corrosive, as their corrosivities are not generally known. If hydrogen is evolved, mention this with the addition 'forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)'.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22205 23105 (24515)
13367010	to
13367020	aluminium
13367030	copper
13367040	iron
13367050	zinc
13367060	forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)
13368000	The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive[].
	Expl. This phrase is used when the substance dissolved in water is a strong acid (with pH < 0.2).
	Ind. Use for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to acids with pH <= 0.2; use 13367 for liquid acids. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. This phrase can be completed with indications of the materials towards which this strong acid is corrosive, as their corrosivities are not generally known. If hydrogen is evolved, mention this with the addition 'forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)'.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22205 (23105) (24515)
13368010	to
13368020	aluminium
13368030	copper
13368040	iron
13368050	zinc
13368060	forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)
13369000	The substance is a medium strong acid[].
	Expl. The term medium strong acid applies to substances with a pH between 0.2 and 2.0.
	Ind. Use for liquid acids with 0.2 <= pH < 2.0 (between 0.2 and 2.0). Use for liquid acids; use 13370 for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to acids. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. Reactions of medium strong acids with other substances are mentioned preferably using a phrase such as 13381. Acid salts from sulfuric acid (e.g., NaHSO₄) are regarded as medium strong. Also, salts consisting of a cation from a weak base and an anion from a strong acid (e.g., FeCl₃) are often medium strong.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22205
13370000	The solution in water is a medium strong acid[].
	Expl. This phrase is used when the substance dissolved in water is a medium strong acid (with pH between 0.2 and 2.0).
	Ind. Use for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to medium strong acids with 0.2 <= pH < 2.0 (between 0.2 and 2.0). Use 13369 for liquid acids. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. Reactions of medium strong acids with other substances are preferably mentioned using a phrase such as 13381. Acid salts from sulfuric acid (e.g., NaHSO₄) are regarded as medium strong. Also, salts consisting of a cation from a weak base and an anion from a strong acid (e.g., FeCl₃) are often medium strong.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22205
13371000	The substance is a weak acid[].
	Expl. The term weak acid applies to substances with a pH between 2.0 and 6.0.
	Ind. Use for liquid acids with 2.0 <= pH < 6.0 (between 2.0 and 6.0). Use 13372 for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to acids. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar.
13372000	The solution in water is a weak acid[].
	Expl. This phrase is used when the substance dissolved in water is a weak acid (with pH between 2.0 and 6.0).
	Ind. Use for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to weak acids with 2.0 <= pH < 6.0 (between 2.0 and 6.0). Use 13371 for liquid acids. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar.
13373000	The substance is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive[].
	Expl. The term strong base applies to the well known chemically strong bases (almost totally dissociating in water), including borderline cases with pH > 13.
	Ind. Use for liquid bases with pH >= 13; use 13374 for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to bases. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. This phrase can be completed with indications of the materials towards which this strong base is corrosive, as their corrosivities are not generally known. If hydrogen is evolved, mention this with the addition 'forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)'.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22207 (23105) (24515)
13373010	to
13373020	aluminium
13373030	copper
13373040	iron
13373050	zinc
13373060	forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)
13374000	The solution in water is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive[].
	Expl. This phrase is used when the substance dissolved in water is a strong base (with pH > 13).
	Ind. Use for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to bases with pH >= 13; use 13373 for liquid bases. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. This phrase can be completed with indications of the materials towards which this strong base is corrosive, as their corrosivities are not generally known. If hydrogen is evolved, mention this with the addition 'forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)'.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22207 (23105) (24515)
13374010	to
13374020	aluminium
13374030	copper
13374040	iron
13374050	zinc
13374060	forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC0001)
13375000	The substance is a medium strong base[].
	Expl. The term medium strong base applies to substances with a pH between 11.5 and 13.0.
	Ind. Use for liquid bases with 11.5 <= pH < 13.0 (between 11.5 and 13.0); use 13376 for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to bases. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. Reactions of medium strong bases with other substances are mentioned preferably using a phrase such as 13381. Acid salts from sulfuric acid (e.g., NaHSO₄) are regarded as medium strong. Salts consisting of an anion from a weak acid and a cation from a strong base (e.g., NaCN) are often regarded as medium strong bases.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22207
13376000	The solution in water is a medium strong base[].
	Expl. This phrase is used when the substance dissolved in water is a medium strong base (with pH between 11.5 and 13.0).
	Ind. Use for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to bases with 11.5 <= pH < 13.0 (between 11.5 and 13.0); use 11375 for liquid bases. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar. Reactions of medium strong bases with other substances are mentioned preferably using a phrase such as 13381. Salts consisting of an anion from a weak acid and a cation from a strong base (e.g., NaCN) are often regarded as medium strong bases.
	(13703) (13711/13/15/17) 22201 22207
13377000	The substance is a weak base[].
	Expl. The term weak strong base applies to substances with a pH between 8.0 and 11.5.
	Ind. Use for liquid bases with 8.0 <= pH < 11.5 (between 8.0 and 11.5). Use 13378 for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to bases. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar.
13378000	The solution in water is a weak base[].
	Expl. This phrase is used when the substance dissolved in water is a weak base (with pH between 8.0 and 11.5).
	Ind. Use for solid salts which hydrolyze in water to bases with 8.0 <= pH < 11.5 (between 8.0 and 11.5). Use 13377 for liquid bases. For calculation of the pH: See Appendix 4. The pH is for the saturated solution in water at 20°C, with a maximum of 10 molar.
13381000	Reacts []with []oxidants[].
	Expl. The only chemicals mentioned as reactants with the 'ICSC substance' are those which are expected to be present and constitute a main hazard. Many substances react vigorously with, for instance, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) but as these are not be likely to be readily available on the workfloor, the reaction with these materials is not mentioned on the ICSC.
	Ind. This phrase can be completed with several indications such as 'reacts violently with strong oxidants' and can be combined with one of the other phrases, e.g., 13387: 'Reacts violently with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard'.
	22201 22203
13381010	violently
13381030	strong
13383000	Reacts []
	Expl. The only chemicals mentioned as reactants with the 'ICSC substance' are those which are expected to be present and may constitute a hazard. Many substances react vigorously with, for instance, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) but as these are not likely to be readily available on the workfloor, the reaction with these materials is not mentioned on the ICSC.
	Ind. This phrase should be used to mention how the substance reacts with water in both rapid and slow decomposition. This phrase can also be used for reactions with commonly available chemicals, whether or not combined with 13385 and 13387. (Alkali metals and earth-alkali metals are not regarded as commonly available substances. Light metals should be completed with examples.) Only include reactions which are likely to constitute a hazard.
	(22201)
13383010	violently with
13383050	acids
13383060	strong acids
13383070	bases
13383080	strong bases
13383090	halogens
13383100	reducing agents
13383110	strong reducing agents
13383120	water
13385000	violently with []
	Expl. The only chemicals mentioned as reactants with the 'ICSC substance' are those which are expected to be present and may constitute a hazard. Many substances react vigorously with, for instance, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) but as these are not likely to be readily available on the workfloor, the reaction with these materials is not mentioned on the ICSC.
	Ind. This phrase should be used to mention how the substance reacts with water in both rapid and slow decomposition. This phrase can also be used for reactions with commonly available chemicals, whether or not combined with 13385 and 13387. (Alkali metals and earth-alkali metals are not regarded as commonly available substances. Light metals should be completed with examples.) Only include reactions which are likely to constitute a hazard.
13387000	causing fire and explosion hazard.
	Expl. The only chemicals mentioned as reactants with the 'ICSC substance' are those which are expected to be present and may constitute a hazard. Many substances react vigorously with, for instance, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) but as these are not likely to be readily available on the workfloor, the reaction with these materials is not mentioned on the ICSC.
	Ind. This phrase should not be used on the mere fact that a flammable gas is produced. The reaction should be capable of producing either so much heat that auto-ignition of the reacting chemicals is possible or of causing a strong pressure rise. For the fire hazards resulting from the formation of a flammable gas, reference should be made to the ICSC for that substance. Also see ind. 13331; names of substances with which the substance in question reacts, should not be mentioned.
13389000	Reacts []
	Expl. The only chemicals mentioned as reactants with the 'ICSC substance' are those which are expected to be present and may constitute a hazard. Many substances react vigorously with, for instance, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) but as these are not likely to be readily available on the workfloor, the reaction with these materials is not mentioned on the ICSC.
	Ind. This phrase can be completed with several indications.
	(22201)
13389010	violently with
13389020	with
13389030	acids
13389040	acid anhydrides
13389050	acid chlorides
13389060	alkali metals
13389070	alcohols
13389080	aluminium
13389090	amines
13389100	ammonia
13389110	anhydrides
13389120	bases
13389130	combustible substances
13389140	copper
13389150	halogens
13389160	iron
13389170	light
13389180	metals
13389190	oils and fats
13389200	organic compounds
13389210	oxidants
13389220	oxygen
13389230	powdered metals
13389240	reducing agents
13389250	strong acids
13389260	strong bases
13389270	strong oxidants
13389280	strong reducing agents
13389290	water
13389300	zinc
13389320	moist air
13389330	to produce
13389340	hydrogen chloride (see ICSC0163)
13391000	causing []hazard.
	Expl. The only chemicals mentioned as reactants with the 'ICSC substance' are those which are expected to be present and may constitute a hazard. Many substances react vigorously with, for instance, alkali metals (e.g., sodium) but as these are not likely to be readily available on the workfloor, the reaction with these materials is not mentioned on the ICSC.
	Ind. This phrase should not be used on the mere fact that a flammable gas is produced. The reaction should be capable of producing either so much heat that auto-ignition of the reacting chemicals is possible or of causing a strong pressure rise. For the fire hazards due to the formation of a flammable gas, reference should be made to the ICSC for that substance. Also see ind. 13331; names of substances with which the substance in question reacts, should not be mentioned.
13391010	explosion
13391020	fire
13391030	fire and explosion
13391040	toxic
13393000	On contact with air it emits [].
	Expl. Some substances may give off a gas which forms a fume with the water vapour in the surrounding air.
	Ind. Applies if the substance gives off a gas which forms a fume with the water vapour in the surrounding air (e.g., phosphorus pentachloride), or 'emits corrosive fumes (hydrochloric acid), which spread along the ground'.
	22308
13395000	Attacks many metals in the presence of water[].
	Expl. Many chlorinated hydrocarbons split off HCl slowly when humid. This will attack metal.
	Ind. Applies to many chlorinated hydrocarbons split off HCl slowly when humid.
	(22305) (22308)
13396000	Attacks many metals forming flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001)[].
	Ind. Do not use for strong acids or bases; use 13367/13368 or 13373/13374 instead.
13397000	Attacks [].
	Ind. Can be completed with 'plastics', 'ceramics,' etc. if referred.
13397010	ceramics
13397020	glass
13397030	metal
13397040	plastic
13397050	rubber
13397060	coatings
13397070	some forms of
13399000	[]
13400000	OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OELs):
	Expl. Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs, TLVs values, etc.) can in general be described as limits for airborne concentrations of substances, which it is believed do not cause health effects to nearly all workers exposed day after day to those substances during their working lives. Some countries have OELs which originate from the list of Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) published each year by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Other countries have OELs which are based on principles they have developed themselves. On the ICSCs, the OEL values of ACGIH are given. If a value from some other list was used, the source and year would be indicated. For the interpretation of national OELs or TLVs values, the original references should be consulted. If an OEL value has not been established this will be indicated. This does not mean that the substance should be considered as being non harmful to man; there are many thousands of substances widely used on an industrial scale, but OELs have been set for only about 800 of them.
	Limits are intended for the use in the practice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recommendations in the control of potential workplace health hazard. Three categories of TLVs are specified by ACGIH: Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA), Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL), and Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling (TLV-C).
	MAK (Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen) are the official OELs in Germany. They will be updated every year and published by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
	N.B.: as the value on the ICSC may have been updated since the publication of the ICSC, always consult the latest official list in your country.
13401000	TLV: [] ppm; [] mg/m³ [] (ACGIH 199?).
	Expl. See expl. 13400. TLVs preceded by 'C' are ceiling values, meaning that they should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure. Other values are time-weighted averages (TWA), defined as the time-weighted average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may repeatedly be exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. TLVs are given in ppm (parts by volume of gas or vapour per million parts by volume of contaminated air) or in mg/m³ (milligrams per cubic meter). If only a value in mg/m³ is given this applies to the aerosol of the substance. (Aerosol: a suspension of liquid or solid particles in air). Use 24317 for C values.
	(24317)
13403000	TLV: [] ppm; [] mg/m³ [] (skin) (ACGIH 199?).
	Expl. See expl. 13400. TLVs preceded by 'C' are ceiling values, meaning that they should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure. Other values are time-weighted averages (TWA), defined as the TWA concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hou workweek, to which nearly all workers may repeatedly be exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. The addition of '(skin)' refers to the potential contribution to the overall intake by the cutaneous route because of the possibility of absorption of the substance through the skin, mucous membranes, or the eyes. TLVs are given in ppm (parts by volume of gas or vapour per million parts by volume of contaminated air) or in mg/m³ (milligrams per cubic meter). If only a value in mg/m³ is given this applies to the aerosol of the substance. (Aerosol: a suspension of liquid or solid particles in air). Use 24317 for C values.
	(24317)
13405000	TLV (as []): [] ppm; [] mg/m³ [] (ACGIH 199?).
	Expl. See expl. 13400. TLVs preceded by 'C' are ceiling values, meaning that they should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure. Other values are time-weighted averages (TWA), defined as the TWA concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hourwork week, to which nearly all workers may repeatedly be exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. TLVs are given in ppm (parts by volume of gas or vapour per million parts by volume of contaminated air) or in mg/m³ (milligrams per cubic meter). If only a value in mg/m³ is given this applies to the aerosol of the substance. (Aerosol: a suspension of liquid or solid particles in air).This phrase which includes '(as ...)' can be completed with the symbol of the element, etc., into which the TLV is expressed; also can be completed with 'dust', 'fume', etc. Use 24317 for C values.
	(24317)
13407000	TLV (as []): [] ppm; [] mg/m³ [] (skin) (ACGIH 199?).
	Expl. See expl. 13400. TLVs preceded by 'C' are ceiling values, meaning that they should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure. Other values are time-weighted averages (TWA), defined as the TWA concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may repeatedly be exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. TLVs are given in ppm (parts by volume of gas or vapour per million parts by volume of contaminated air) or in mg/m³ (milligrams per cubic meter). If only a value in mg/m³ is given this applies to the aerosol of the substance. (Aerosol: a suspension of liquid or solid particles in air). This phrase which includes '(as .....)' can be completed with the symbol of the element, etc., into which the TLV is expressed; also can be completed with 'dust', 'fume', etc. The addition of '(skin)' refers to the potential contribution to the overall intake by the cutaneous route because of the possibility of absorption of the substance through the skin, mucous membranes, or the eyes. Use 24317 for C values.
	(24317)
13409000	TLV not established.
	Expl. See expl. 13400
13410000	TLV: []
	Expl. See Explanation in 13400.
	Ind. Select appropriate options from 1341010-17. First after the units, select 'as TWA' or 'as STEL'. If both are assigned, always put TWA first, and then STEL. Use format
	TLV: [xx] ppm as TWA; [yy] ppm as STEL [(ACGIH 200x)].
	If 'Ceiling value' is assigned use format
	TLV: [yy] ppm as STEL (Ceiling value) [(ACGIH 200x)].
	If indication 'skin' or notation for carcinogenicity (A1-A5) use format
	TLV: [xx] ppm as TWA (skin; BEI)
	Complete the year of publication of the TLVs. In the field reserved for comments in the programme indicate the basis of the TLV, critical effects, as indicated in the ACGIH booklet of TLVs.
13410010	[] ppm
13410020	[] mg/m³
13410030	[] fibre/cc
13410040	Simple asphyxiant
	Expl. A number of gases and vapours, when present in high concentrations in air, act primarily as simple asphyxiant without other significant physiologic effects. The limiting factor is the available oxygen. The minimal oxygen content should be 18% by volume under normal atmospheric pressure (equivalent to a partial pressure of oxygen =135 torr =18.0 kPa). Atmospheres deficient in oxygen do not provide adequate warning and most simple asphyxiants are odourless. Several simple asphyxiants present an explosion hazard.
13410050	as TWA
	Expl. Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average is the time weighted average concentration for a conventional 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect.
13410060	as STEL
	Expl. Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit is the concentration to which it is believed that worker can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without suffering from
	1) irritation,
	2) chronic or irreversible damage, or
	3) narcosis of sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency,
	and provided that the daily TLV-TWA is not exceeded. It is not a separate independent exposure limit; rather, it supplements the time-weighted average (TWA) limit where there are recognized acute effects from a substance whose toxic effects are primarily of chronic nature. STELs are recommended only where toxic effects have been reported from high short-term exposures in either humans or animals. A STEL is defined as a 15-minute TWA exposure which should not be exceeded at any time during the a workday even if 8-hour TWA is within the TLV-TWA. Exposure above TLV-TWA up to STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not occur more than four times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures in this range. An averaging period other than 15 minutes may be recommended when this is warranted by observed biological effects.
13410070	(Ceiling value)
	Expl. The Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling is the concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
	In conventional industrial hygiene practice if instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, then the TLV-C can be assessed by sampling over a period that should not exceed 15 minutes, except for those substances that may cause immediate irritation when exposures are short.
	For some substances, e.g., irritant gases, only one category, the TLV-Ceiling, may be relevant. For other substances, one or two categories may be relevant, depending upon their physiologic action. It is important to observe that if any one of these types of TLVs is exceeded, a potential hazard from that substance is presumed to exist.
	The Chemical Substances TLV Committee holds the opinion that TLVs are based on physical irritation should be considered no less binding than those based on physical impairment. There is increasing evidence that physical irritation may initiate, promote, or accelerate physical impairment through interaction with other chemical or biological agents.
13410080	(skin)
	Expl. Listed substances followed by the designation 'skin' refer to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and eyes, either by contact with vapour, or, of probable greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. Vehicles present in solutions or mixtures can also significantly enhance the potential skin absorption. It should be noted that while some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. It should be noted, however, that the development of a dermatological condition can significantly affect the dermal absorption.
13410090	A1 (confirmed human carcinogen);
	Expl. A1 Confirmed human carcinogen
13410100	A2 (suspected human carcinogen);
	Expl. A2 Suspected human carcinogen
13410110	A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans);
	Expl. A3 Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
13410120	A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen);
	Expl. A4 Not classifiable as human carcinogen
13410130	A5 (not suspected as a human carcinogen);
	Expl. A5 Not suspected as human carcinogen
13410140	BEI issued
	Expl. The note 'BEI' is listed when BEI is also recommended for the substance. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational.
13410150	SEN
	Expl. Listed substances followed by the designation 'SEN' refer for the confirmed potential for worker sensitization as result of dermal contact and/or inhalation exposure, based on the weight of scientific evidence. Lack of the sensitizer notation does not necessarily mean that the substance is not a sensitizer.
13410160	Intended change
	Expl. These substances with their corresponding values and notations, comprise those for which a limit has been proposed for the first time or for which a change in the Adopted listing has been proposed. In each case, the proposed values should be considered trial values for the year following ratification by ACGIH Board of Directors. If, during the year, no evidence comes to light that questions the appropriateness of these proposals, the values will be reconsidered for adoption as TLVs. Documentation is available for each of these substances and their proposed values.
13410170	[(ACGIH 200#)].
13411000	Quick decomposition in moist air results in [] exposure.
	Expl. Some substances on contact with water or moist air will rapidly form very toxic and/or corrosive gases (e.g. HCl, H₂S, PH₃, SO₂, NH₃, HCN, HBr, HF, Br₂, H₂SO₄, Cl₂, HI). The risk will depend on the severity of the effect and on the evolution rate of the gas formed. By giving the OEL of this toxic/corrosive gas as a product of contact with moist air, attention will be drawn so that the risk will not be underestimated.
	Ind. Apply 13411 with the name of the toxic/corrosive gas formed, followed by the OEL of this gas, if:
	- this gas is reported in the section 'Chemical dangers' under 'react with moist air'
	- the toxic effects reported by inhalation are the effects primarily due to the gas emitted
	- the OEL of the gas can be reasonably reached in less than 8 hours
13420000	Other OEL values (NOT on card): []
	Expl. See expl. 13400. In (name country) national OELs are set by (name of national authority). The meaning of these OELs is defined as follows: ... Further information can be found in ...
	Ind. All relevant and available OEL values for the substance in question as well as the ACGIH values should be mentioned on the Card matrix, e.g., those from the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) Legal File. The Peer-Review Committee will decide which OEL value will be printed on the ICSC. On an ICSC for a specific country, the national OEL value, if present, will have preference, using the relevant abbreviations. Text changes in the User's Guide should be applied if necessary to all phrases in which the generally applied abbreviation "OEL" has been used.
	N.B.: It is assumed that values in the applied OEL system are based on OEL/TWA values of 8 hours a day, more or less conforming to the ACGIH system. It is also assumed that this system has values for short-term (maximum 15 minutes) exposure comparable with the STELs of the ACGIH. In this Guide these short-term OELs are denoted as OEL/ST values. The RIR index used later on (see Appendix 5.) has been developed from an OEL system on the principle of avoiding adverse effects as e.g., in the ACGIH system.
13421000	MAK: [] ppm; [] mg/m³; [] (199?)
13423000	MAK as []: [] ppm; [] mg/m³; [] (199?)
13425000	MAK: class [] (199?)
13426000	MAK: []
	Ind. To apply MAK values need compiler and Peer-Review Group decision.
13426001	(Inhalable fraction)
13426002	(Respirable fraction)
13426003	IIb (not established but data is available)
	Expl. Substances for which a scientifically founded MAK value cannot be established.
13426010	[] ppm
13426020	[] mg/m³
13426030	skin absorption (H);
	Expl. Substances are designated with an 'H' (Haut) following criteria based on:
	- workplace studies, well documented percutaneous absorption in workers handling the substance;
	- animal studies, exposure contributing to toxic effects;
	- in vitro studies, standard methods showing quantifiable contribution to toxic effects;
	- theoretical models.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13426040	sensitization of respiratory tract (Sa);
	Expl. Danger of sensitization of the airways. The phrase is used to designate substances, which can cause symptoms of the airways and also the conjunctiva, substances causing airway sensitization.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13426050	sensitization of skin (Sh);
	Expl. Danger of sensitization of skin. The phrase is used to designate substances, which can cause allergic reactions of the skin and the mucosa close to the skin, skin-sensitizing substances.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13426060	sensitization of respiratory tract and skin (Sah);
	Expl. Danger of sensitization of the airways and the skin. The phrase designates substances which have sensitizing effects on both the airways and the skin.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13426070	photosensitization (PS);
	Expl. Danger of photo-contact sensitization. The phrase is used the designate photosensitizing substances.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13426090	@sensitization
	Expl. Use the appropriate phrase: 13426040 Sa, 13426050 Sh, 13426060 Sah, 13426070 PS.
13426100	[(DGF 200#)]
13427000	MAK not established.
13428000	[]
13428010	Peak limitation category: []
	Expl. Two categories are distinguished:
	- Substances for which local irritant effects determine the MAK value, also respiratory allergens. For substances in category I the excursion factor is 1.
	- Substances with systemic effects. For substances in category II the excursion factor is 2.
	The peak values for the substances in both categories have been established for the average value of sampling period of 15 minutes, four times per shift with one hour interval.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13428020	Carcinogen category: []
	Expl. The following criteria have been followed to assign carcinogenic substances to 5 different categories:
	1. Substances that cause cancer in man and can be assumed to make a significant contribution to cancer risk.
	2. Substances that are considered to be carcinogenic for man because sufficient data from long-term animal studies or limited evidence from animal studies substantiated by evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that they can make a significant contribution to cancer risk.
	3. Substances that cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for man but cannot be assessed conclusively because of lack of data. The classification in category 3 is provisional.
	3A. Substances for which the criteria for classification in category 4 or 5 are fulfilled but for which the database is insufficient for the establishment of a MAK value.
	3B. Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. A MAK or BAT value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected.
	4. Substances with carcinogenic potential for which genotoxicity plays no or at most a minor part. No contribution to human cancer risk is expected provided the MAK value is observed.
	5. Substances with carcinogenic and genotoxic effects, the potency of which is considered to be so low that, provided the MAK and BAT values are observed, no significant contribution to human cancer risk is to be expected.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13428030	Germ cell mutagen group: []
	Expl. The categories for classification of germ cell mutagens are:
	1. Germ cell mutagens, which have been shown to increase the mutant frequency in the progeny of exposed humans.
	2. Germ cell mutagens, which have been shown to increase the mutant frequency in the progeny of exposed mammals.
	3A. Substances, which have been shown to induce genetic damage in germ cells of human or animals, or which produce mutagenic effects in somatic cells of mammals in vivo and have been shown to reach the germ cells in an active form.
	3B. Substances which are suspected of being germ cell mutagens because of their genotoxic effects in mammalian somatic cells in vivo; in exceptional cases, substances for which there are no in vivo data but which are clearly mutagenic in vivo and structurally related to known in vivo mutagens.
	4. Not applicable. Category 4 carcinogenic substances are those with non-genotoxic mechanisms of action.
	5. Germ cell mutagens, the potency of which is considered to be so low that, provided the MAK value is observed, their contribution to generic risk for man is expected not to be significant.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13428040	Pregnancy risk group: []
	Expl. The categorization of the substances according to their prenatal toxicity has been established as follows:
	Group A. A risk of damage to the embryo or foetus has been unequivocally demonstrated. Exposure of pregnant women can lead to damage the developing organism even when MAK and BAT values are observed.
	Group B. Currently available information indicates that a risk of damage to the embryo or foetus must be considered to be probable. Damage to the developing organism cannot be excluded when a pregnant women are exposed, even when MAK and BAT values are observed.
	Group C. There is no reason to fear a risk of damage to the embryo or foetus when MAK and BAT values are observed.
	Group D. Classification in one of the groups A-C is not yet possible because although the data available may indicate a trend they are not sufficient for a final evaluation.
	IIc. MAK value has been issued but no pregnancy risk group classification due to absence of adequate data.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13428050	BAT issued.
	Expl. BAT value (biological tolerance value for occupational exposures) is established on the basis of sufficient occupational-medical and toxicological data indicating that these concentrations based on an exposure of 8 hours daily and 40 hours weekly do not cause adverse effects on the health of the employee. BAT values can be defined as concentrations or rates of formation or excretion in blood and/or urine, being conceived as ceiling values for healthy individuals. They provide a basis for deciding whether the amount of a chemical substance taken up by the organism may be harmful or not.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13428060	BLW issued.
	Expl. BLWs are assigned only for hazardous materials which do not have sufficient toxicological or occupational-medical data for the establishment of BAT values (i.e. for carcinogenic substances, suspected carcinogens and for non-carcinogens with inadequate toxicological data). The observance of the BLW values does not exclude a risk of adverse effects on health, but they can provide a basis for biomonitoring of exposed persons by the physician.
	Ind. Use according to the latest available version of the DFG publication.
13429000	EU OEL: []
	Expl. IOELV (Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit)
	Ind. Select appropriate options from 13429000-07. After units select TWA or STEL. If both are assigned, always put TWA first, and then STEL; use format
	EU OEL: [xx] ppm as TWA; [yy] ppm as STEL [(EU 2000)].
	If there is a notation attached to the value use format
	EU OEL: [xx] ppm as TWA (skin); [yy] ppm as STEL (skin) [(EU 2000)].
	Complete the year of publication of the OELs.
13429010	[] ppm
13429020	[] mg/m³
13429030	[] fibres/cc
13429040	(skin)
13429050	as TWA
13429060	as STEL
13429070	[(EU 200#)].
13500000	ROUTES OF EXPOSURE:
13501000	The substance can be absorbed into the body []
	Expl. Liquid and solid substances can be absorbed by swallowing, through the mucous membranes or the skin. Gas, vapour, mist, or finely dispersed solids will enter the body mainly through inhalation. This is the most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. Liquid and solid substances can be absorbed by swallowing, through the mucous membranes or the skin. All of these subphrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop (.).
	Explanation of some terms:
	Gas: a substance which at ambient temperature and pressure appears as a gas, meaning that the molecules of the substances travel freely in open space.
	Vapour: the gas of a substance which is formed above a liquid or solid by evaporation. Evaporation means the release of molecules from the liquid or solid. Evaporation decreases with increasing boiling point and can generally be regarded as negligible if the boiling point exceeds 350°C.
	Mist: a suspension of liquid particles in the air, formed by condensation of a vapour.
	Fume: a suspension of liquid or solid particles in the air formed by condensation of vapours from heated metals or of vapours produced by a decomposition reaction. Moisture in the air often promotes the formation of mists and fumes by reactions with the vapours.
	Dust-cloud: fine particles of powder of a solid substance, dispersed in the air.
	Aerosol: a suspension of liquid or solid particles in the air. Mist, fume and dust-cloud are more or less covered by the term 'aerosol'.
	Ind. The important routes of exposure resulting in absorption should be mentioned by making a choice out of one or more of the 13500 series according to human or acute experimental animal evidence. If no acute data is available in human or in experimental animals but the substance has systemic long term effect (cancer, reproduction effects, target organs systemic toxicity) then these data could be use to make a choice of phrases from the 13500 series.
	For corrosives: If the substance is classified corrosive by specific route of exposure then select the corresponding phrase in section 13500. If the substance is corrosive to the skin, the respiratory tract and the digestive tract then select: 'Serious local effects by all routes of exposure'. Some exceptions such as phenol and hydrogen fluoride may exist to such approach for corrosive. Exception has to be documented carefully by the PI for peer-review meeting.
13502000	in hazardous amounts[]
	Expl. In some cases it could be difficult to qualify the route of absoption.
	Ind. Use only if the substance is classified by GHS as toxic, categories 1, 2 or 3.
13503000	by inhalation and through the skin[]
	Expl. Gas, vapour, mist, or finely dispersed solids will enter the body mainly through inhalation. This is the most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. Substances as liquid, solid, gas, mist or aerosol can be absorbed through the skin. This is the second most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations All of these subphrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop (.).
	See also 13501.
	Ind. Apply to gases, vapours and aerosols that can be absorbed by inhalation in harmful quantities, i.e. if LC50 (4hr) inhalation, mammals (rat)* according to OECD guidelines and GHS 3.1.2.3, for aerosols or particulates <= 5 mg/l or for gases <= 5000 ppm or vapours <= 20 mg/l. Apply for chemicals with 'skin' notation, if appropriate, in the list of OELs, or if LD50 dermal, rat or rabbit* according to GHS 3.1.2.3 <= 2000 mg/kg by weight.
	* Values for rats are the primary choice but also other species could be used (Peer-review decision).
	Multiple exposure animal studies information or epidemiological studies indicating the substance may have long term effect (cancer, reprotoxicity (F1, F2), specific target organ toxicity) through inhalation or data derived from human inhalation accidental report could be used to assume that inhalation may result in significant toxic effects (Peer-review decision).
	For corrosives select: Serious local effects.
	Add LD50 and LC50 values in comments field for reference.
	18103 18207 (19103)
13504000	by inhalation[]
	Expl. Liquid and solid substances can be absorbed by swallowing, through the mucous membranes or the skin. Gas, vapour, mist, or finely dispersed solids will enter the body mainly through inhalation. This is the most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. All of these subphrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop (.).
	See also 13501.
	Ind. Apply to gases, vapours and aerosols that can be absorbed by inhalation in harmful quantities, i.e. if LC50 (4hr) inhalation, mammals (rat)* according to OECD guidelines and GHS 3.1.2.3, for aerosols or particulates <= 5 mg/l or for gases <= 5000 ppm or vapours <= 20 mg/l.
	* Values for rats are the primary choice but also other species could be used (Peer-review decision).
	Multiple exposure animal studies information or epidemiological studies indicating the substance may have long term effect (cancer, reprotoxicity (F1, F2), specific target organ toxicity) through inhalation or data derived from human inhalation accidental report could be used to assume that inhalation may result in significant toxic effects (Peer-review decision).
	For corrosives select: Serious local effects.
	Add LD50 and LC50 values in comments field for reference.
13504020	and
13505000	by inhalation of its vapour[]
	Expl. Liquid and solid substances can be absorbed by swallowing, through the mucous membranes or the skin. Gas, vapour, mist, or finely dispersed solids will enter the body mainly through inhalation. This is the most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. All of these subphrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop (.).
	See also 13501.
	Ind. Can be used for liquids or solids with a boiling point < 350°C which can be absorbed in harmful quantities. Apply to gases, vapours and aerosols that can be absorbed by inhalation in harmful quantities, i.e. if LC50 (4hr) inhalation, mammals (rat)* according to OECD guidelines and GHS 3.1.2.3, for aerosols or particulates <= 5 mg/l or for gases <= 5000 ppm or vapours <= 20 mg/l.
	* Values for rats are the primary choice but also other species could be used (Peer-review decision).
	Multiple exposure animal studies information or epidemiological studies indicating the substance may have long term effect (cancer, reprotoxicity (F1, F2), specific target organ toxicity) through inhalation or data derived from human inhalation accidental report could be used to assume that inhalation may result in significant toxic effects (Peer-review decision).
	For corrosives select: Serious local effects.
	Add LD50 and LC50 values in comments field for reference.
13505020	and
13507000	by inhalation of its aerosol[]
	Expl. Liquid and solid substances can be absorbed by swallowing, through the mucous membranes or the skin. Gas, vapour, mist, or finely dispersed solids will enter the body mainly through inhalation. This is the most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. All of these subphrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop (.).
	See also 13501.
	Ind. Can be used for a liquid or a solid with a boiling point >= 350°C, which is handled or may occur as an aerosol and which can be absorbed in harmful quantities. Apply to gases, vapours and aerosols that can be absorbed by inhalation in harmful quantities, i.e. if LC50 (4hr) inhalation, mammals (rat)* according to OECD guidelines and GHS 3.1.2.3, for aerosols or particulates <= 5 mg/l or for gases <= 5000 ppm or vapours <= 20 mg/l.
	* Values for rats are the primary choice but also other species could be used (Peer-review decision).
	Multiple exposure animal studies information or epidemiological studies indicating the substance may have long term effect (cancer, reprotoxicity (F1, F2), specific target organ toxicity) through inhalation or data derived from human inhalation accidental report could be used to assume that inhalation may result in significant toxic effects (Peer-review decision).
	For corrosives select: Serious local effects.
	Add LD50 and LC50 values in comments field for reference.
13507020	and
13509000	[]through the skin[]
	Expl. Substances as liquid, solid, gas, mist or aerosol can be absorbed through the skin. This is the second most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. All of these sub phrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop. See also 13501.
	Ind. Apply for chemicals with 'skin' notation, if appropriate, in the list of OELs, or if LD50 dermal, rat or rabbit* according to GHS 3.1.2.3 <= 2000 mg/kg by weight.
	Multiple exposure animal studies information or epidemiological studies indicating the substance may have long-term effect (cancer, reprotoxicity (F1, F2), specific target organ toxicity) through skin, or data derived from human dermal accidental report could be use instead (Peer-review decision).
	* Use of values of other species need to be justified in all cases. Guinea pig value is supported by OECD guideline 402 (Peer-Review decision).
	For corrosives select: Serious local effects [on contact to skin].
	18103 18207
13509020	and
13511000	[]by ingestion[]
	Expl. Liquid and solid substances can be absorbed by swallowing. This is the least frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. All of these sub phrases can be completed with particulars; always close with a full stop. See also 13501.
	Ind. Apply if the substance has LD50 oral, mammals (rat)* according to GHS 3.1.2.3 or OECD guidelines <= 2000 mg/kg by weight.
	Multiple exposure animal studies information or epidemiological studies indicating the substance may have long-term effect (cancer, reprotoxicity (F1, F2), specific target organ toxicity) through ingestion, or data derived from human ingestion accidental report could be use instead (Peer-review decision).
	* LD values for rats are the primary choice but also other species could be used (Peer-review decision).
13513000	, also as a vapour!
	Expl. Gas, vapour, mist, or finely dispersed solids will enter the body mainly through inhalation. This is the most frequent mode of exposure of substances in industrial situations. See also 13501.
	Ind. Use in combination with 13509 for substances whose vapour can be absorbed through the skin and are hazardous. (Normally the skin notation refers to contact with the liquid or solid itself; the vapours of only a few liquids are known to be absorbed through the skin at a dangerous rate. Example: carbon disulfide.
13515000	[]
	Ind. To be used for special cases, e.g., absorption by eyes.
13516000	Serious local effects[].
	Ind. Use according to GHS criteria for concentration limits and animal species.
13516010	by all routes of exposure
	Ind. Use according to GHS criteria for concentration limits and animal species.
13516020	on contact with skin
	Ind. Use according to GHS criteria for concentration limits and animal species.
13600000	INHALATION RISK:
	Ind. Select only ONE phrase.
13601000	On loss of containment, a harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly[].
	Expl. Many gases create a toxic atmosphere when released. This phrase is used when a harmful concentration of the substance in the atmosphere will be reached very quickly, and is based on a calculation involving the saturated vapour pressure.
	Ind. In order to estimate the acute inhalation risk of a gas, the OEL/ST value has to be used; refer to 13400 (OELs) for details. If a substance has no OEL/ST value, the OEL/C or 3 x OEL/TWA is used. If OEL/TWA > 500 ppm, multiply by 2 instead of 3. In some cases, an estimated OEL/ST could be used, based on other toxicological data; see also Appendix 5. Use 13601 if gas with OEL/ST <= 5000 ppm or OEL/ST has not been established and cannot be estimated.
13601010	especially in confined spaces
13602000	On loss of containment this gas can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.
	Expl. Many gases, whilst in themselves only slightly or non-toxic, displace the air when released, especially in confined spaces. The resulting decrease in oxygen content can cause suffocation. A decrease of oxygen to less than 18% is enough to be dangerous.
	Ind. In order to estimate the acute inhalation risk of a gas, the OEL/ST value has to be used; refer to 13400 (OELs) for details. If a substance has no OEL/ST value, the OEL/C or 3 x OEL/TWA must be used. If OEL/TWA > 500 ppm, multiply by 2 instead of 3. In some cases, an estimated OEL/ST could be used, based on other toxicological data; see also Appendix 5. Use 13602 if gas with OEL/ST > 5000 ppm or if the gas is known to be a simple asphyxiant (without other significant physiological effects), e.g., as indicated by the ACGIH (in all other cases use 13601).
	24431
13603000	On loss of containment this liquid evaporates very quickly displacing the air and causing a serious risk of suffocation when in confined areas.
	Expl. Liquid and liquefied gases evaporate very quickly and may create a toxic atmosphere or displace the air when released, especially in confined spaces. Even if only slightly or non-toxic, a resultant decrease in oxygen content can cause suffocation. A decrease of oxygen to less than 18% is enough to be dangerous.
	Ind. In order to estimate the acute inhalation risk of a gas, the OEL/ST value has to be used; refer to 13400 (OELs) for details. If a substance has no OEL/ST value, the OEL/C or 3 x OEL/TWA must be used. If OEL/TWA > 500 ppm, multiply by 2 instead of 3. In some cases, an estimated OEL/ST could be used, based on other toxicological data; see also Appendix 5. Use for liquid and liquefied gas (11303).
	24431
13604000	A harmful contamination of the air will [] on evaporation of this substance at 20°C[].
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13604000 and 13604010-14 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. See individual indications in 13604010-14.
13604010	will not or will only very slowly be reached
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs < 12. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13604020	be reached slowly
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13604010-14 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs between 12 - 120. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13604030	be reached quickly
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13604010-14 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs between 120 - 4000. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13604040	be reached very quickly
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13604010-14 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs >= 4000. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) If a liquid or solid with b.p. <350°C has no OEL/TWA (or equivalent) and is considered to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic to reproduction or a pulmonary sensitizer, this phrase is normally used; when in doubt, use 13613. Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13604050	; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.
13605000	A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20°C[]
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13605-19 is based on how quickly the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs < 12. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13605010	; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.
13607000	A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C[].
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13605-19 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs between 12 - 120. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13607010	; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster
13609000	A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C[].
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13605-19 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs between 120 - 4000. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13611000	A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C[].
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13605-19 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and with RIRs >= 4000. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) If a liquid or solid with b.p. < 350°C has no OEL/TWA (or equivalent) and is considered to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic to reproduction or a pulmonary sensitizer, this phrase is normally used; when in doubt, use 13613. Complete this phrase with: '; on spraying/dispersing (however) much faster' if spraying, etc., or dispersing (active or passive) of the substance is possible. Indicate RIR value in the comments field.
13613000	No indication can be given about the rate in which a harmful concentration in the air is reached on evaporation of this substance at 20°C.
	Expl. The selection of one of the phrases 13605-19 is based on the speed with which the short-term exposure limit (STEL) of the substance is reached on evaporation under standard conditions. The more rapidly it is released into the air in indoor spaces the greater the hazard of inhalation of a harmful concentration of the vapour from the substance. However, harmful concentration of the substance in air can be reached very quickly if it is sprayed or dispersed, even if it evaporates only slowly. This phrase is used when there is insufficient data to determine how quickly a harmful contamination can be reached.
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling points < 350°C and if RIRs cannot be assessed (e.g., due to insufficient data). If the RIR cannot even be estimated, this should result in extra care in the selecting of the Prevention phrases. (RIR = Relative Inhalation Risk; refer to Appendix 5 for calculation.) If a liquid or solid with boiling point < 350°C has no OEL/TWA (or equivalent) but is considered to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic to reproduction, and/or a pulmonary sensitizer, 13611 is generally used; when in doubt, use this phrase.
13615000	No indication can be given about the rate in which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached.
13617000	Evaporation at 20°C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly[].
	Expl. Although the evaporation at normal ambient temperatures of high boiling substances is negligible, they can cause air contamination under certain conditions, especially when sprayed or handled as a powder. This phrase is used in the case of noxious substances.
	Ind. Applies to liquids with b.p. >= 350°C and
	- OEL/TWA <10 mg/m³ (particle concentrations); or
	- OEL/TWA not established nor estimated.
	Complete the phrase with an indication of the conditions or activity which could cause airborne dust or aerosols, e.g., 'by spraying', 'by dispersing', 'if powdered', etc.
	(16203)
13617010	on spraying
13617020	when dispersed
13617030	when dispersed, especially if powdered
13617040	on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered
13617050	especially if powdered
13618000	A [] concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly[].
	Ind. Applies to solids with b.p. >= 350°C, using the window 'harmful' if:
	- OEL/TWA < 10 mg/m³ (particle concentrations); or
	- OEL/TWA not established nor estimated; or
	- solids regarded as carcinogenic (refer to 13833/13835).
	Applies to solids with boiling point > or = 350°C, using the window 'nuisance-causing' if the (estimated) OEL/TWA is > or = 10 mg/m³ (particle concentrations).
	Instead of an OEL/TWA, the specified national limit between harmful and nuisance dust may be used.
	Complete the phrase with an indication of the conditions or activity which could cause airborne dust or aerosols, e.g., 'by spraying', 'by dispersing', 'if powdered', etc.
	Link to 16201 in case of 'harmful concentration'.
	16201 (16203)
13618010	harmful
13618020	nuisance-causing
13618030	on spraying
13618040	when dispersed
13618050	when dispersed, especially if powdered
13618060	on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered
13618070	especially if powdered
13619000	Evaporation at 20°C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly[].
	Expl. Although the evaporation at normal ambient temperatures of high boiling substances is negligible, they can cause air contamination on certain conditions, especially when sprayed or handled as a powder. This phrase is used for substances which only cause dust or aerosols of nuisance particles. Nevertheless, your lungs should not be used as dust traps, so protect them!
	Ind. Applies to liquids and solids with boiling point >= 350°C with an (estimated) OEL/TWA >= 10 mg/m³ (particles concentration). Instead of an OEL/TWA the specified national limit between harmful and nuisance dust may be used. Complete the phrase with an indication of the conditions or activity which could cause airborne dust or aerosols, e.g., 'by spraying', 'by dispersing', 'if powdered', etc.
	(16201) (16203)
13619010	on spraying
13619020	when dispersed
13619030	when dispersed, especially, if powdered
13619040	on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered
13619050	especially if powdered
13621000	[]

13700000	EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE:
	Expl. Short-term exposure generally refers to exposure up to one working day. In the description of effects of short-term exposure, the acute (minutes to hours) and latent (hours to days) effects are emphasized. Local effect: Relates to the effect of a substance on the part of the body which was exposed to the substance and which becomes manifest during exposure or within a short time of the contact.
	Ind. Toxicological information should come from scientific literature preferably concerning man, or from animal studies that use guidelines like OECD or in accordance with generally accepted standards of good scientific practice at the time that the test was carried out. The chemical properties of the substance as assessed in series 13360/80 may be used. Although allowance should be made for exceptions, the following table could be used as a guide.
	Chemical property	irritating to	corrosive to	very corrosive to
	weak acid/base	eyes	----	----
	med. strong acid/base	skin, eyes	respir. tract	----
	strong acid/base	----	skin	eyes, respir. tract
	oxidizing strong acid	----	eyes, skin	respir. tract
13701000	Corrosive.
	Ind. Use 13711 instead, to avoid repetition.
13702000	Lachrymation.
	Expl. Some substances, known as lachrymators, cause the eyes to water.
	Ind. Apply to typical lachrymators, i.e., gases or liquids of which the vapours induce lachrymation NOT due to ordinary irritation of the eyes. See 19104.
13703000	The substance []
	Expl. The substance, its vapour or an aerosol may be irritating or corrosive to the skin eyes or respiratory tract, depending on the severity of its action. This phrase is not used, however, when the reaction is purely a result of mechanical irritation caused, for example by dust.
	Ind. Use this phrase when there is a good literature evidence that the substance causes irritation or corrosivity other than by mechanical means. See indications for when to use phrase appropriate for irritation and for corrosivity.
13705000	The vapour []
	Expl. The substance, its vapour or an aerosol may be irritating or corrosive to the skin eyes or respiratory tract, depending on the severity of its action. This phrase is not used, however, when the reaction is purely a result of mechanical irritation caused, for example by dust.
	Ind. Use this phrase when there is a good literature evidence that the vapour causes irritation or corrosivity. See indications for when to use phrase appropriate for irritation and for corrosivity.
13707000	The aerosol []
	Expl. The substance, its vapour or an aerosol may be irritating or corrosive to the skin eyes or respiratory tract, depending on the severity of its action. This phrase is not used, however, when the reaction is purely a result of mechanical irritation caused, for example by dust.
	Ind. Use this phrase when there is a good literature evidence that the aerosol causes irritation or corrosivity other than by mechanical means. See indications for when to use phrase appropriate for irritation and for corrosivity.
13709000	is []irritating to []
	Expl. Irritating means that the substance may cause significant inflammation of the skin or a significant injury to the eyes, other than mechanical means.
	Ind. Complete with 'the eyes', 'the skin', or 'the respiratory tract' if the criteria for R36 (eyes), R38 (skin), or R37 (respiratory tract) are met. Use the related subphrase, for example: 'The substance is irritating to the skin and is corrosive to the eyes.'
	19107 (19109) 19201 19301 18107 (18113) 18201 17115 17135
13709010	the eyes
13709020	the skin
13709030	the respiratory tract
13709040	mildly
13709050	severely
13709060	and
13710000	May cause mechanical irritation[].
	Ind. Use this phrase when there is a good literature evidence that the substance causes irritation by mechanical means.
	17115 19107 19109
13710010	to
13711000	is []corrosive to []
	Expl. Corrosive means that the substance can destroy tissue of the skin or the respiratory tract or can seriously damage the eyes.
	Ind. Complete with 'the eyes', if criteria for R41 (serious damage to the eyes) is met; 'the skin' if the criteria for R34 (causes burn to skin) is met; 'respiratory tract' if the substance may cause more damage to the respiratory tract than by irritation (more serious than the criteria for R37). Insert 'very' before 'corrosive' if R35 criteria apply to the substance (i.e., causes severe burns); if R35 applies, it can be generally assumed that the substance is also 'very' corrosive to the eyes and the respiratory tract. If 'very' is inserted, 16207 should also be used. If the substance is corrosive to the eye and skin, face shield has to be selected as protective equipment. If the substance is corrosive to the eye, safety goggles are sufficient. If the substance is corrosive as a gas, dust, mist or vapour, then respiratory protection has to be selected.
	(13719-17313) (16207) 17135-15-11-33-29-45 18113-07 (18117) 18110
	19301 19109-07-17 (19115) (19203/05/07/09) 20109-05-30 (20309) (21311) (21319)
13711010	and
13713000	the eyes[]
13715000	the skin[]
	Ind. Applies if either the criteria for R38 (irritating to skin) or R34 (causes burns) are met.
13717000	the respiratory tract.
	Ind. Applies if the criteria for R37 (irritating to the respiratory system) are met. If the criteria for R41 (serious eye damage) or R34 (causes burns) apply, it can be generally assumed that the substance is corrosive to the respiratory tract.
13718000	Corrosive on ingestion[].
	Ind. If the substance applies to criteria for R34 or R35; if the substance only applies to the criteria for R38, the compilers should evaluate whether it should be considered to be corrosive to the digestive tract or not.
	20109-05-30 (20133) (20309)
13719000	Inhalation of [] may cause lung oedema (see Notes).
	Expl. Some chemicals can cause damage deep in the lungs, inducing lung oedema (fluid in the lungs). This effect may be delayed up to 24 hours after exposure. The patient should have complete rest (preferably in semi-recumbent posture) and must be kept under medical observation (even if symptoms have yet to manifest themselves). The doctor (or person authorized by him/her) may consider administration of an inhalation therapy. With all substances which may cause lung oedema, this warning has to be included in NOTES (e.g., 24201). Shortness of breath can sometimes originate from different causes such as an oxygen deficiency or asthma, without lung oedema developing.
	Ind. Apply to substances where there is good literature evidence that inhalation of the substance can cause lung oedema (exposure to some non-corrosive substances may also result in lung oedema). Complete the first part of this phrase with 'this gas', 'vapour/mist/fume of this substance' or 'powder/dust of this substance', as appropriate. Combine the phrase with 24419 in NOTES.
	17303 24419
13721000	Inhalation of [] may cause asthma-like reactions.
	Expl. This phrase indicates certain effects which may be caused if the substance is inhaled.
	Ind. Applies in case of human evidence. Complete the first part of this phrase with 'this gas', 'vapour/mist/fume of this substance' or 'powder/dust of this substance', as appropriate.
	13805 24422 24423
13723000	Inhalation of [] may cause [].
	Expl. This phrase indicates certain effects which may be caused if the substance is inhaled.
	Ind. The first part of this phrase may be completed with:
	- 'this gas' in case of gas;
	- 'vapour/mist/fume of this substance' in case of a liquid (or a solid); or
	- 'powder/dust of this substance' in case of solids. The second part of this phrase may be completed with effect(s). Do not include symptoms, these are described in 17000 series.
13724000	Inhalation of fumes may cause metal fume fever.
	Expl. Some metal fumes can induce a particular fever known as metal fume fever.
	Ind. 17125 17141
13725000	[]
13727000	Suffocation.
	Expl. A number of gases and vapours, when present in high concentrations in air, act primarily as simple asphyxiant without other significant physiologic effects. The minimal oxygen content should be 18% by volume under normal atmospheric pressure. A decrease of oxygen to less than 18% is enough to be dangerous. Atmospheres deficient in oxygen do not provide adequate warning and most simple asphyxiants are odourless. Several simple asphyxiants present an explosion hazard.
13733000	If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.
	Expl. Swallowing of some organic liquids with a low viscosity can cause coughing and vomiting, or impair deglutition. As a consequence, liquid droplets can be aspirated into the lungs, with a risk of chemical pneumonitis.
	Ind. Applies if an organic liquid with a viscosity < 7 mm² /s or about 7 mm² /s at 40°C (1 mm² /s = 1 cSt; 1 centipoise = centistokes multiplied by density at given temperature).
	(20309)
13741000	Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite.
	Expl. Besides having chemical effects, a substance may also cause injury by its physical effects. This applies in particular to liquefied gases. Such liquids may evaporate so quickly that contact with the skin and the eyes may lead to heat extraction and consequently frostbite.
	Ind. Applies to compressed liquefied gases and to liquids with a boiling point < 20°C. Also see 13743.
	(18125) 18203 18303
13743000	The liquid may cause frostbite.
	Expl. This phrase is used in the case of liquids with a temperature < -30°C such as gases that have been liquefied by cooling (cryogenics) and not those liquefied by being kept under pressure (compressed).
	Ind. Applies to liquids with a temperature < -30°C, e.g., gases liquefied by cooling (cryogenics). Also see 13741.
	18121 18203 18303
13745000	The hot liquid may cause severe skin burns.
	Ind. Applies to solids which are transported and generally handled in liquid state at a temperature >= 50°C.
	18205
13747000	[]
13751000	The substance may cause effects on the []
	Expl. This phrase indicates if the substance can cause a systemic effect after exposure for a short period of time (up to one day). A systemic effect is one that occurs in a part of the body other than the point of contact, and indicates that the substance has been absorbed. The phrase indicates what organs or body systems may be affected and, if possible, what consequences this may have.
	Ind. Complete with target organs in terms understandable to a lay person (nervous system, liver, blood, etc.) and combine if possible with 13753 (toxicological data available). Otherwise close 13751 with a full stop. The phrase should not be used to indicate hypoxia due to superseding of oxygen by an inert gas.
13751010	bladder
13751020	blood
13751030	bone marrow
13751040	cardiovascular system
13751050	central nervous system
13751060	endocrine system
13751070	gastrointestinal tract
13751080	immune system
13751090	kidneys
13751100	liver
13751110	lungs
13751120	lymphatic system
13751130	nervous system
13751140	peripheral nervous system
13751150	respiratory tract
13751160	spleen
13751170	thyroid
13753000	, resulting in []
	Expl. This phrase indicates if the substance can cause a systemic effect after exposure for a short period of time (up to one day). A systemic effect is one that occurs in a part of the body other than the point of contact, and indicates that the substance has been absorbed. The phrase indicates what organs or body systems may be affected and, if possible, what consequences this may have.
	Ind. Use this phrase to indicate the effects only if it adds useful information to 13751 and there are good literature references. Only include effect that could be manifested after exposure to realistic levels. Do not include symptoms; these are described in 17100, 18100, and 19100.
	Toxicological information should come from scientific literature preferably concerning man, or from animal studies that use guidelines like OECD or in accordance with generally accepted standards of good scientific practice of the time that the test was carried out.
	'Respiratory failure' is the inability of the cardiac and pulmonary systems to maintain an adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. When this expression is chosen include one of the following in phrase 13751: heart, cardiovascular system, lungs or blood. 'Respiratory depression' is caused by the depression of the central nervous system, in which the respiration is slow or feeble failing to provide full ventilation and perfusion of the lung. When this expression is chosen include the following in phrase 13751: central nervous system.
13753010	asphyxia
13753020	cardiac disorders
13753030	convulsions
13753040	cyanosis
13753050	impaired functions
13753060	insomnia
13753070	irritability
13753080	kidney impairment
13753090	lesions of blood cells
13753095	destruction of blood cells
13753100	liver impairment
13753110	respiratory failure
13753120	tissue lesions
13753130	shock
13753140	jaundice
13753150	respiratory depression
13754000	the formation of methaemoglobin.
	Expl. The blood contains a substance called haemoglobin which is important in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the human body. Some substances can - when absorbed - alter haemoglobin into a form called methaemoglobin which cannot transport oxygen. Too much methaemoglobin in the blood will mean that the internal organs become starved of oxygen.
	Ind. Apply for chemicals which can cause significant methaemoglobinaemia on short-term exposure. Chemicals that can generate methaemoglobin in vivo include nitrite and some aminophenols, N-hydroxyarylamines, aromatic amines, and arylnitro compounds. Combine with 13751 with 'blood' selected in the window of subphrases.
	13781-82 (17108-09-13-14-19-25-31-37) 17309 (18103) (18118-19-23)
	20143 (20106-07-19-25-27) (24417) 24425
13755000	[]
13756000	Cholinesterase inhibition[].
	Expl. Much of the nervous system depends on a chemical neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, the action of which is controlled by an enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Some substances, such as organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides, can inhibit the activity of this enzyme. This results in accumulation of the active neurotransmitter and hyperactivity of the nerve pathways. Symptoms of acute poisoning can include irritability, tremors, convulsions, and possibly death, usually as a result of respiratory failure.
	Ind. Apply for chemicals (carbamate or organophosphorous esters) which can cause significant cholinesterase inhibition. Combine with 13751 with 'nervous system'.
	13751-53-73 13781-82 (16211) 17110-42-27-31-19-14-37-29 (18103-20-23) 20110-03-17-37-43 24417-25
13761000	Exposure []could cause lowering of consciousness.
	Expl. This phrase is used when exposure at realistic levels may lead to a lowering of consciousness.
	Ind. Judgement must be made as to whether the effect could occur at realistic exposure levels.
	a) Substances with an OEL (not a ceiling value):
	Can be completed with 'above the OEL' if the effect is possible after a short exposure time at realistic levels, e.g., less then 5-10 times the OEL. If the effect mentioned would only be expected at very high levels (>10 x OEL), this phrase can be used and completed with 'far above the OEL'.
	b) Substances with a ceiling OEL value:
	Must be completed with 'above OEL'.
	c) Substances without an OEL:
	One of these phrases can be used, completed if possible after the word 'exposure' with the mention of conditions that produce the stated effect, e.g., 'at low level' or 'at high level'.
	The application of this phrase to substances for which there is no OEL requires 'Peer-Review'.
13763000	Exposure []could cause [].
	Expl. This phrase indicates certain effects which may be caused by exposure to the substance.
	Ind. May be completed with 'trembling', 'convulsions', 'excitement', 'muscle weakness', etc.
	a) Substances with an OEL (not ceiling value):
	Can be completed with 'above the OEL' if the effect is possible after a short exposure time at realistic levels, e.g., less then 5-10 times the OEL. If the effect mentioned would only be expected at very high levels (>10 x OEL), this phrase can be used and completed with 'far above the OEL'.
	b) Substances with a ceiling OEL value:
	Must be completed with 'above OEL'.
	c) Substances without an OEL: One of these phrases can be used, completed if possible after the word 'exposure' with the mention of conditions that produce the stated effect, e.g., 'at low level or 'at high level'. The application of this phrase to substances for which there is no OEL requires 'Peer-Review'.
13771000	Exposure []may result in unconsciousness.
	Expl. This phrase is used when exposure at realistic levels may lead to unconsciousness.
	Ind. Judgement must be made as to whether the effect could occur at realistic exposure levels.
	a) Substances with an OEL (not a ceiling value):
	Can be completed with 'above the OEL' if the effect is possible after a short exposure time at realistic levels, e.g., less then 5-10 times the OEL. If the effect mentioned would only be expected at very high levels (>10 x OEL), this phrase can be used and completed with 'far above the OEL'.
	b) Substances with a ceiling OEL value:
	Must be completed with 'above OEL'.
	c) Substances without an OEL:
	One of these phrases can be used, completed if possible after the word 'exposure' with the mention of conditions that produce the stated effect, e.g., 'at low level' or 'at high level'.
	The application of this phrase to substances for which there is no OEL requires 'Peer-Review'.
13773000	Exposure []may result in death.
	Expl. This phrase is used when exposure at realistic levels may lead to death.
	Ind. Judgement must be made as to whether the effect could occur at realistic exposure levels.
	a) Substances with an OEL (not a ceiling value):
	Can be completed with 'above the OEL' if the effect is possible after a short exposure time at realistic levels, e.g., less then 5-10 times the OEL. If the effect mentioned would only be expected at very high levels (>10 x OEL), this phrase can be used and completed with 'far above the OEL'.
	b) Substances with a ceiling OEL value:
	Must be completed with 'above OEL'.
	c) Substances without an OEL:
	One of these phrases can be used, completed if possible after the word 'exposure' with the mention of conditions that produce the stated effect, e.g., 'at low level' or 'at high level'.
	The application of this phrase to substances for which there is no OEL requires 'Peer-Review'.
13775000	Exposure []may result in [].
	Expl. This phrase indicates certain effects which may be caused by exposure to the substance.
	Ind. a) Substances with an OEL value (not a ceiling value):
	Can be completed with 'above the OEL' if the effect is possible after a short exposure time at realistic levels, e.g., less then 5-10 times the OEL. If the effect mentioned would only be expected at very high levels (>10 x OEL), this phrase can be used and completed with 'far above the OEL'.
	b) Substances with a ceiling OEL value:
	Must be completed with 'above OEL'.
	c) Substances without an OEL:
	One of these phrases can be used, completed if possible after the word 'exposure' with the mention of conditions that produce the stated effect, e.g., 'at low level' or 'at high level'.
	The application of this phrase to substances for which there is no OEL requires 'Peer-Review'.
13775010	at high levels
13775030	cardiac dysrhythmia
13775040	death
13775050	lowering of consciousness
13775060	unconsciousness
13775070	above the OEL
13775080	far
13781000	The effects may be delayed[].
	Expl. The effects of exposure to some substances do not become manifest until some time (possibly hours) after the exposure.
	Ind. Can be completed with '(see Notes)' if additional information given in NOTES (e.g., 24101).
13782000	Medical observation is indicated.
	Expl. With some substances there is a distinct interval between the moment of exposure and the onset of the first symptoms. In such cases, observation preferably in a hospital, may be necessary in order to have instant medical aid available, should the need arise.
	Ind. This phrase can be used with 13781.
13783000	See Notes.
13800000	EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE:
13801000	Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis[].
	Expl. Repeated or prolonged exposure to a number of substances may lead to effects on the skin. This may take the form of inflammed or reddened skin, known as dermatitis.
	Ind. Applies if positive human experience is available; refer to toxicological handbooks. May be completed with further short details; also see 13807.
13803000	Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization[].
	Expl. A contact sensitizer is a substance that will induce an allergic response following skin contact. People with an existing allergy should avoid contact with this substance.
	Ind. Apply if there is evidence in humans that the substance can induce sensitization by skin contact in a substantial number of people, or where there are positive results from appropriate animal test. Evidence should include:
	Positive data from patch testing, normally obtained in more than one dermatology clinic;
	Epidemiological studies showing allergic contact dermatitis caused by the substance;
	Positive data from appropriate animal tests;
	Positive data from experimental studies in man.
	Well documented episodes of allergic contact dermatitis, normally obtained in more than one dermatology clinic.
	Evidence from animal studies is usually more reliable than evidence from human exposure. In cases where evidence is available from both sources, and there is a conflict in results, the quality and reliability of evidence from both sources must be assessed. Negative human data should not normally be used to negate positive results from animal studies.
	In animal studies, when an adjuvant type method for skin sensitization is used, a response at least 30% of the animals is considered positive. For a non-adjuvant test method a response of at least 15% of the animals is considered positive.
	A decision to use this phrase must be considered by the Peer-Review Committee.
	18207 (16207)
13805000	Repeated or prolonged inhalation exposure may cause asthma[].
	Expl. A respiratory sensitizer is a substance that will induce hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance. This may result in rhinitis/conjuntivitis and alveolitis, or asthma. People with an existing allergy should avoid contact with this substance.
	Ind. Apply if there is evidence in humans that the substance can induce specific respiratory hypersensitivity, and/or where there are positive results from an appropriate animal test. Evidence will normally be based on human evidence and will generally be seen as asthma. Other hypersensitivity reactions such as rhinitis/conjunctivitis and alveolitis should also be considered. A decision on classification should take into account the size of the population exposed and the extent of the exposure. A decision to use this phrase must be considered by the Peer-Review Committee.
	(16207) 24422 24423
13807000	The liquid defats the skin[].
	Expl. Many liquids have no direct effect on the skin and will not lead to an allergy, but will defat the skin upon prolonged or repeated contact. As a result, the skin may become rough, dry, and red. After the skin has been in frequent contact with, or is cleaned with, a defatting liquid, it should be washed off with water and soap and then treated with an ointment or cream.
	Ind. Do not use if phrase 13801 has already been used. If both apply, preference should be given to 13801.
	18105 18201
13808000	Inhalation[] may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS).
13809000	Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolonged exposure[].
	Expl. The effects on the lungs include chronic bronchitis, lung fibrosis, etc. which only become manifest after some time of repeated or prolonged exposure. This phrase is used when the effects are only caused if relatively high concentrations of the substance are inhaled. Definition of long-term or repeated exposure: more extended exposure than short-term (i.e., more than one working day). In the description of effects of short term exposure, the acute (minute to hours) and latent (hours to days) effects should be emphasized, whereas in the description of the effects of long-term or repeated exposure the chronic and cumulative effects should be mentioned.
	Ind. Applies when there is evidence of effects on the lungs (e.g., chronic bronchitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) which only become manifest after some time of repeated or prolonged exposure.
13809010	to the aerosol
13809020	to dust particles
13809030	to fibres
13809040	to fumes
13809050	to the gas
13809060	to the vapour
13809070	and
13811000	Lungs may be affected by inhalation of high concentrations[].
	Expl. The effects on the lungs include chronic bronchitis, lung fibrosis, etc. which only become manifest after some time of repeated or prolonged exposure. This phrase is used when the effects are only caused if relatively high concentrations of the substance are inhaled. This phrase is used when the effects are only caused if relatively high concentrations are inhaled.
	Ind. Applies when effects are only caused on inhalation of high concentration, while 13809 has to be used when exposure without intensive contact is sufficient to cause the effects. The phrase has to be completed with 'gas', 'vapour', 'fume', 'mist', or 'dust particles'.
13813000	The substance may have effects on the []
	Expl. This sentence indicates what organs or systems may be affected and what consequences this may have, but with relevance to long-term exposure.
	Ind. Complete with the target organs using terms understandable to the lay person (nervous system, liver, blood, etc.) and combine if possible with 13815. Otherwise close 13813 with a full stop. Do not duplicate the target organs and effects described under Effects of Short-Term Exposure unless there is an important reason to do so.
13813010	bladder
13813020	blood
13813030	bone marrow
13813040	cardiovascular system
13813050	central nervous system
13813060	endocrine system
13813070	gastrointestinal tract
13813080	immune system
13813090	kidneys
13813100	liver
13813110	lungs
13813120	lymphatic system
13813130	nervous system
13813140	peripheral nervous system
13813150	respiratory tract
13813160	spleen
13813170	thyroid
13813180	and
13815000	, resulting in []
	Expl. This phrase combined with 13813 indicates what organs or systems may be affected and what consequences this may have, but with relevance to long-term exposure.
	Ind. Use this phrase to indicate the effects only if it adds useful information to 13813 and there are good literature references.
	Toxicological information should come from scientific literature preferably concerning man, or from animal studies that use guidelines like OECD guidelines or in accordance with generally accepted standards of good scientific practice at the time that the test was carried out.
13815010	anaemia
13815020	cardiac disorders
13815030	cyanosis
13815040	fibrosis
13815050	impaired functions
13815060	kidney impairment
13815070	lesions of blood cells
13815080	liver impairment
13815090	respiratory failure
13815100	tissue lesions
13815110	and
13817000	the formation of methaemoglobin[].
	Expl. The blood contains a substance called haemoglobin which is important in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the human body. Some substances can, when absorbed, alter haemoglobin into a form called methaemoglobin which cannot transport oxygen. Too much methaemoglobin in the blood causes internal organs to become starved of oxygen. This phrase is used when methaemoglobineamia is a result of long-term or repeated exposure.
	Ind. Apply for chemicals which can cause methaemoglobinaemia generally only after long-term or repeated exposure. Chemicals that create methaemoglobin in vivo include nitrite and some aminophenols, N-hydroxylamines, aromatic amines, and arylnitro compounds. Do not use in addition to 13754 unless there is an important reason to do so.
	(16207) 17108-09-13-14-19-25-31-37 17309 (18103) (18118-19-23) 20143
	(20106-07-19-25-27) 24417-25 (20317)
13818000	Cholinesterase inhibitor[]; cumulative effect is possible: see acute hazards/symptoms.
	Expl. Much of the nervous system depends on a chemical neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, the action of which is controlled by an enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Some substances, such as organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides, can inhibit the activity of this enzyme. This results in an accumulation of the active neurotransmitter and hyperactivity of the nerve pathways. This phrase is used when the effect is as a result of long-term or repeated exposure.
	Ind. 17110-14-19-27-31-37-42 (18103-20-23) 20110-03-17-37-43 24417-25 (16211)
13819000	[]
13831000	This substance is carcinogenic to humans.
	Expl. A carcinogen is a substance which induces cancer or increases its incidence. Classification of a substance as posing a carcinogenic hazard is based on the inherent properties of the substance and does not provide information on the level of the human cancer risk which the use of this substance may represent.
	This sentence indicates that there is sufficient evidence to support a causal association between the exposure to a substance and human cancer, according to criteria published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) or outlined in the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) for Human Health and Environmental Effects of Chemical Substances. See Annex 9 and 10.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	Ind. Use phrase if it complies with criteria applicable to a placing as IARC Classification Group 1 (Carcinogenic to humans) or GHS 1A (Known human carcinogen).
	16207
13833000	This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.
	Expl. A carcinogen is a substance which induces cancer or increases its incidence. Classification of a substance as posing a carcinogenic hazard is based on the inherent properties of the substance and does not provide information on the level of the human cancer risk which the use of this substance may represent.
	This sentence indicates that the evidence of a causal association between the exposure to a substance and human cancer is not sufficient, but it is strong enough to establish a probability, according to criteria published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) or outlined in the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) for Human Health and Environmental Effects of Chemical Substances.
	These data can be supported by mammalian experiments, since substances that have induced malignant tumours in well performed experimental studies in animals are also to be presumed to be human carcinogens unless there is strong evidence that the mechanism of tumour formation is not relevant for humans.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	Ind. Use phrase if it complies with criteria applicable to a placing as IARC Classification Group 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans) or GHS Classification 1B (Presumed human carcinogen).
	16207
13835000	This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
	Expl. A carcinogen is a substance which induces cancer or increases its incidence. Classification of a substance as posing a carcinogenic hazard is based on the inherent properties of the substance and does not provide information on the level of the human cancer risk which the use of this substance may represent.
	Substances that have induced malignant tumours in well performed experimental studies in animals are also to be presumed to be human carcinogens unless there is strong evidence that the mechanism of tumour formation is not relevant for humans.
	This sentence indicates that the evidence of a causal association between the exposure to a substance and human cancer is inadequate (or there are no human studies), but there is strong evidence from mammalian experiments for the presumption of a human carcinogenic hazard, according to criteria published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) or outlined in the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) for Human Health and Environmental Effects of Chemical Substances.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	Ind. Use phrase if it complies with criteria applicable to a placing as IARC Classification Group 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) or GHS Classification 2 (Suspected human carcinogen).
	16207
13837000	Tumours have been detected in experimental animals but may not be relevant to humans.
	Expl. A carcinogen is a substance which induces cancer or increases its incidence. Classification of a substance as posing a carcinogenic hazard is based on the inherent properties of the substance and does not provide information on the level of the human cancer risk which the use of this substance may represent.
	This sentence is used when positive results from mammalian experiments are available in the published literature, but the tumours arise by mechanisms for which there is strong evidence that they may not occur in humans. Sometimes, an unrealistically high dose may be considered as part of such mechanism, e.g., leading to certain types of bladder tumours in rats.
	A decision to use this phrase, or no phrase at all, must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	Ind. Use this phrase if it complies with IARC Classification 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans) but differs from EC or other important classification system.
	(16207)
13839000	Other data on carcinogenicity (NOT on card): []
	Ind. Mention all other important data on the carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity of the substance.
13840000	[]
13841000	@May cause heritable genetic damage in humans.
	Expl. The substance may cause mutations in the germ cells (ova or spermatozoa) of humans, which could be transmitted to the offspring. This phrase is used when there is clear evidence that the substance can cause heritable mutations, or the evidence is strong enough to suggest that the substance should be regarded as if it induces heritable mutations in germ cells.
	Ind. The phrase was deleted in Hanover meeting 16.3.2001
	Apply this phrase if there is sufficient evidence to establish a causal association between human exposure to the substance and heritable genetic damage, e.g., from human epidemiological studies, or when there is sufficient evidence to provide a strong presumption that human exposure to the substance may result in the development of heritable genetic damage, generally on the basis of
	1) positive result(s) from in vivo heritable germ cell mutagenicity tests in mammals (e.g., specific locus test, heritable translocation, etc.),
	2) positive result(s) from in vivo somatic cell mutagenicity in mammals in combination with evidence that the substance has potential to cause mutations to germ cells. This supporting evidence may, for example, be derived from mutagenicity/genotoxic tests in germ cells in vivo, or by demonstrating the ability of the substance or its metabolite(s) to interact with the genetic material of germ cell,
	3) positive result(s) from tests showing mutagenic effects in the germ cells of humans, without demonstration of transmission to progeny; for example, an increase in the frequency of aneuploidy in sperm cells of exposed people.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	16207
13843000	@May cause genetic damage in humans.
	Expl. There is some evidence to suggest that the substance may cause mutations in the germ cells (ova or spermatozoa) of humans.
	Ind. The phrase was deleted in Hanover meeting 16.3.2001.
	Apply this phrase if there is positive evidence obtained from experiments in mammals and/or in some cases in vitro experiments, obtained from
	1) somatic cell mutagenicity test in vivo, in mammals,
	2) other in vivo somatic cell genotoxicity tests which are to be supported by positive results from in vitro mutagenicity assays.
	Chemicals which are positive in vitro mammalian mutagenicity assays, and which also show chemical structure activity relationship to known germ cell mutagens should also be considered.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	16207
13845000	May cause heritable genetic damage to human germ cells.
	Expl. Since no chemical has been identified as including such damage, a more definitive phrase (i.e., Causes...) is not required. The substance may cause mutations in the germ cells (ova or spermatozoa) of humans, which could be transmitted to the offspring. This phrase is used when there is clear evidence that the substance can cause heritable mutations, or the evidence is strong enough for presumption that the substance should be regarded as if it induces heritable mutations in germ cells. Note that evidence restricted to the mutagenic effects in somatic cells, with no germ cell evidence, is subsumed by the carcinogenicity phrases (13831-13837).
	Ind. There is either
	a) strong evidence for a causal association between human exposure to the substance and heritable genetic damage, or,
	b) sufficient evidence to provide a strong presumption that human exposure to the substance may result in development to heritable genetic damage, generally on the basis of appropriate mammalian studies, e.g., specific locus or heritable translocation tests and other relevant information, such as pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies in combination with somatic cell mutagenicity studies.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	16207
13851000	Causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.
	Expl. As effects upon men are more easily observed than effects upon women, it is considered that any attempt to distinguish between the sexes could be seriously misleading.
	A decision to use of this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	Ind. Use if human data are available which show that the substance impairs fertility in adults, results in embryotoxicity or fetotoxicity, or causes malformations, retarded development or functional deficiencies in the new born.
	16205 16209
	13853000 May cause toxicity to human reproduction or development.
	Ind. This phrase can be used instead of phrase 13851 when the human evidence is weaker, but is supported by experimental evidence from exposed mammals. A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	16205 16209
13855000	Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.
	Expl. Causes developmental retardation (in utero or after birth) and embryolethality or malformations, in mammalian tests in the absence of severe maternal toxicity (i.e. substantial reduction in weight gain, persistent emesis, hypo- or hyper-activity or convulsions). There should be good evidence that the dose intervals in the experiment were sufficiently small to permit embryonic survival and the potential for any teratogenic effect to be expressed; if these conditions are not met, then consider not using this phrase. Evidence of adverse effects usually come from teratogenicity, fertility, peri- and post-natal and multigeneration test designs. In addition to the information on reproductive capacity coming from the treatment of pregnant animals, other data may have to be considered by the investigators and the peer-review committee. These include :
	1. measure of spermatozoa count;
	2. measure of sperm motility;
	3. measure of sperm abnormalities;
	4. histology of the reproductive organs with a pathologist's evaluation that reproductive capacity has been impaired;
	5. dominant lethal effects in male or female animals (preimplantation loss, early death).
	Reductions in 1, or 2, an increase in 3 or 5, or the record of an effect in 4, all could be interpreted as antifertility effects. Whether these effects are sufficient to trigger the use of a warning is a matter of judgement by the Peer-Review Committee.
	Points to be considered in this judgement include:
	1. the severity of the effect;
	2. the dose level required to produce the effect;
	3. the relationship of this dose level to other indications of toxicity in the experimental animal;
	4. the relationship of the lowest effective dose level to the possible human dose levels (excluding catastrophic exposure);
	5. the reproducibility of the effect within the laboratory;
	6. the reproducibility of the effect in different laboratories.
	Ind. A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	(16209)
13857000	@Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes malformations in human babies.
	Expl. Causes malformations at dose levels which do not cause severe maternal toxicity (i.e. substantial reduction in weight gain, persistent emesis, hypo- or hyper-activity, or convulsions). There may be accompanying embryolethality. It is desirable to have confirmatory data from independent experiments, particularly involving a second species.
	Ind. The phrase was deleted in Hanover meeting 16.3.2001.
	A decision to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
	(16209)
13859000	[]
13860000	See Notes.

13900000	ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY:
13901000	[]
13902000	The substance is [] to aquatic organisms.
	Ind. Complete with 'very toxic', 'toxic' or 'harmful' according to the following criteria:
	1) very toxic: 96 hr LC50 (for fish)	<= 1 mg/l (OECD guideline)
	and/or 48 hr EC50 (for daphnia)	<= 1 mg/l
	and/or 72 hr IC50 (for algae)	<= 1 mg/l
	Select also phrase 13909 if, in addition, the substance is not readily degradable or the log Pow >=3.0 (unless the experimentally determined BCF <= 100).
	2) toxic: 96 hr LC50 (for fish)	1mg/l < LC50 <=10mg/l
	or 48 hr EC50 (for daphnia)	1mg/l< EC50 <=10mg/l
	or 72 hr IC50 (for algae)	1mg/l< IC50 <=10mg/l
	Select also phrase 13909 if, in addition, the substance is not readily degradable or the log Pow >=3.0 (unless the experimentally determined BCF <= 100).
	3) harmful: 96 hr LC50 (for fish)	10mg/l < LC50 <=100mg/l
	or 48 hr EC50 (for daphnia)	10mg/ l< EC50 <=100mg/l
	or 72 hr IC50 (for algae)	10mg/ l< IC50 <=100mg/l
	Select also phrase 13909 if, in addition, the substance is not readily degradable. See also ind. in phrase 13907.
	21245 (22409)
13902010	very toxic
	Ind. (22105) (22409)
13902020	toxic
	Ind. (22105) (22409)
13902030	harmful
13903000	This substance may be hazardous in the environment; special attention should be given to [].
	Ind. The use of this phrase is a peer-review decision. The phrase can be used to specify the target.
	21245 (22409)
13903010	air quality
13903020	indoor air quality
13903030	algae
13903040	bacteria
13903050	birds
13903060	crustacea
13903070	fish
13903080	honey bees
13903090	mammals
13903100	its impact on the ozone layer
13903110	plankton
13903120	plants
13903130	soil contamination
13903140	water quality
13903150	ground water contamination
13903160	aquatic organisms
13903170	aquatic plants
13903200	soil organisms
13903210	and
13905000	Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur [].
	Ind. Apply if bioconcentration factor (BCF) >= 100.
	If log Pow >= 3.0 (see 12801) and BCF < 100 but there is additional supporting information you can use this phrase.
	If log Pow >= 3 but BCF < 100 you don't have to use the phrase.
	Complete with the applicable food source, e.g., cattle, mammals, fish, crustacea, seafood, birds, plants, etc., as mentioned in literature references used.
	21245 (22409)
13905010	in crustacea
13905020	in fish
13905030	in milk
13905040	in plants
13905050	in seafood
13905060	in molluscs
13905070	in mammals
13905080	along the food chain, for example
13907000	It is strongly advised that this substance does not enter the environment.
	Ind. Use this phrase if:
	- the substance is 'toxic' or 'very toxic' (to the aquatic environment) in 13902 or
	- the substance is 'harmful' (to the aquatic environment) in 13902 or the substance is 'hazardous' (to the environment) in 13903 AND where there is evidence of bioaccumulation (13905 selected) or evidence that the substance is not readily degradable and has adverse effects.
	A substance is considered as readily degradable if:
	a) in 28-day studies, the following levels of degradation are achieved within 10 days of the start of degradation (this being the time when 10% of the substance has been degraded):
	- in tests based upon dissolved organic carbon: 70%,
	- in tests based upon oxygen depletion or CO2 generation: 60% of the theoretical maxima; or
	b) when BOD5/COD >= 0.5 ; or
	c) there is other evidence showing degradability in the aquatic of > 70% within a 28-day period.
	21245 (22409)
13909000	The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.
	Expl. Normally used in combination with 13902. Applies also if the substance is not readily degradable and the log Pow >= 3.0 (unless the experimentally determined BCF <= 100), for example to poorly water-soluble substances (solubility <=1mg/l).
	The above criteria apply unless additional scientific evidence relating to degradation or toxicity may provide adequate assurance that the substance does not constitute a long-term danger to the aquatic environment, for example if appropriate chronic toxicity test NOEC > 1 mg/l.
	21245 (22409)
13911000	This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be given to avoid any additional release, e.g. through inappropriate disposal.
	Expl. Apply chemicals such as pesticides that are released to the environment under normal use.
14100000	Fire: ACUTE HAZARDS.
14101000	Extremely flammable.
	Expl. Relates to liquids that have a flash point < 0°C and an initial boiling point less or equal to 35°C, and to flammable gases, when liquefied.
	Ind. Apply if flammable gas or liquid with flash point < 0°C and a boiling point (or in case of a boiling range, the initial boiling point) < 35°C, and to gases which are flammable in contact with air at ambient temperature and pressure. For explosive substances use 14121.
	14201 22101
14103000	Highly flammable.
	Expl. Solid substances and preparations which may readily catch fire after brief contact with a source of ignition and which continue to burn or to be consumed after the removal of the source of ignition.
	Liquid substances having a flash point < 21°C, but which are not extremely flammable.
	Substances which in contact with water or damp air evolve extremely flammable gases in dangerous quantities, at a minimum rate of one litre/kilogram/hour.
	Substances which become hot and finally catch fire in contact with air at ambient temperature without any input of energy.
	Ind. Apply if flammable gas or liquid with flash point > 0°C but < 21°C. Also to a solid which is spontaneously flammable in the air or which may readily catch fire after brief contact with a source of ignition and which continues to burn after the removal of the source of ignition.
	For explosive substances use 14121. 'Readily catch fire' implies a burning time < 45 seconds for a 100 mm strip of heaped solid, ignited by a hot wire.
	Also applies to organic peroxides and other solids apt to auto-oxidation with low ignition energy but that are not to be regarded as explosive (see 14121).
	Low ignition energy can be interpreted as a self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) less or equal to 35°C; a list of substances with SADT values can be found in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, London.
	When using the UN Transport classification for flammable solids, substances according to class 4.1 and 4.2 should be included for application of this phrase.
	14201 22101
14105000	Flammable.
	Expl. Relates to liquids and solids with flash point more or equal to 21 and < 61°C and to solids that continue to burn after removal of the source of ignition, but do not readily catch fire.
	Ind. For explosive substances use 14121. Includes organic peroxides with relatively high ignition energy (i.e., SADT value > 35°C) and not regarded as explosive. Apply also if the flash point of a liquid is not available but is unlikely to exceed 61°C.
	14201 22101
14107000	Combustible.
	Expl. Relates to liquids and solids with flash point > 61°C, and to liquids and solids classified by UN as flammable even if there is no flash point available. Also applies to solids which, although difficult to ignite in normal air, are capable of supporting combustion if brought to a high temperature.
	Ind. For explosive substances use 14121. Use for substances that are neither flammable (14101, 14103, and 14105 do not apply) nor explosive (14121). If both 14107 and 14115 apply, then use 14115.
	14203 (22101)
14109000	Combustible under specific conditions.
	Expl. Relates to liquids that have no flash point but form flammable vapour/air mixtures at elevated temperatures; explosive limits are often given. Also for substances (solids) that can only be burnt when subjected to high energy sources of ignition.
	Ind. For explosive substances use 14121. Applies also to substances that are normally regarded as non-combustible but for which the phrases 'On combustion forming of....' or 'The substance decomposes on burning....' was used. Examples of liquids in this category: dichloromethane, trichloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane: they have no flash point but can form explosive vapour/air mixtures.
	(13331) (13341-43-45-47) 14203 (24219) (24221)
14111000	Not combustible.
	Expl. Relates to substances that cannot (or only under very extreme conditions) be oxidized.
	Ind. 'Very extreme conditions' are understood to be conditions which are not to be found generally in industry or normal laboratories. Also see 14113 and 14115.
14113000	Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances.
	Expl. Some non-combustible substances can give off oxygen which may enhance the combustion of other substances. Examples include: perchlorates, peroxides, and other oxidants.
	Ind. Apply to inorganic chlorites, chlorates, perchlorates (and similar halogen compounds), permanganates, persulfates, some peroxides, nitrates, nitrites, and other non-combustible strong oxidants.
14115000	Not combustible but forms flammable gas on contact with water or damp air.
	Ind. Substances such as Na or K that are neither flammable (14101,14103, and 14105 do not apply) nor explosive (14121), but that on contact with water or humid air evolve flammable gas in dangerous quantities (1 litre/kg/hour or more). If both 14107 AND 14115 apply, then use 14115.
	(22101) 22305
14117000	[]
14119000	Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable.
	Expl. A substance, which may in itself be non-combustible, may commonly occur dissolved in a flammable solvent.
	Ind. Apply to substances which in practice are often used in flammable commercial formulations.
	(15109) 24437
14121000	Explosive.
	Expl. Explosive substances can decompose violently when ignited by sparks or friction, causing a local temperature increase that triggers a very fast chain reaction. Although such a decomposition is often attended with fire, the reaction does not need an external source of oxygen, in contrast to an explosive combustion of a flammable vapour/air mixture. Explosives often contain in their molecules a relatively high oxygen content through which an internal combustion is possible. Substances with explosive characteristics can also be flammable. The term 'explosive' is used if the minimum ignition energy to trigger an explosion exceeds a certain standard or if the substance is definitely known to be explosive.
	Ind. Applies if the substance when heated in a confined space explodes or appears to be more sensitive to shock or friction than m-dinitrobenzene. If test results or labelling indications are not available, the decision to use this phrase should be taken based on literature references. Use 15109 or 15111 to give further data.
	14201 22101 (22301/03)
14123000	Many reactions may cause fire or explosion.
	Ind. Use 14123 only when more appropriate than the use of 15109.
14125000	Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting.
	Ind. Applies to liquids with boiling points < 100°C, which are (normally) non-combustible.
14127000	See Notes.
14129000	Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.
	Expl. General warning for all compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, sulfur, selenium and/or halogen atom(s) in the molecule, which, upon burning or heating in a fire, will decompose producing toxic and/or irritating fumes.
	Ind. (13341)
14200000	Fire: PREVENTION.
14201000	NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking.
	Expl. This applies to combustible substances with a flash point less or equal to 61°C and to solids which are easily ignited in normal air.
	Ind. Applies if any of 14101, 14103, 14105, 14115, or 14121 is used.
14203000	NO open flames.
	Expl. This applies to all other combustible substances. The concept 'open flame' also includes surfaces whose temperature is above the auto-ignition temperature of the substance.
	Ind. Applies if 14107 or 14109 is used.
14205000	NO contact with flammable substances.
	Expl. This warning is used for strong oxidants, including organic peroxides.
	Ind. Applies if 14113 is used or if the substance is a flammable organic peroxide as mentioned in indication of 14103 and 14105.
14207000	NO contact with [].
	Expl. This applies to substances that can react very violently (involving fire or explosion risks) with the materials mentioned.
	Ind. Can also be used in sub-section Explosion (phrases 15100000).
14207010	acid(s)
14207020	alcohol
14207030	base(s)
14207040	combustibles
14207050	halogens
14207060	oxidants
14207070	reducing agents
14207080	water
14209000	NO contact with hot surfaces[].
	Ind. If auto-ignition temperature < 200°C. Can be completed with particulars, for instance, ‘(e.g., steam pipes)’; if applicable, otherwise close with a full stop (.).
14300000	Fire: EXTINGUISHING AGENTS.
	Expl. To handle a chemical fire safely, specific training is necessary as each fire depends on the characteristics of the chemical, the location of the fire, other chemicals nearby, etc. Expert fire fighters must be trained in handling the types of fires at the facility, and planning drills must be carried out periodically. Management must ensure this is done or the threat from fire will be far greater. Moderate to large fires must be handled by expert fire fighters who must act with local authorities in judging whether the incident poses a threat to the surrounding community and therefore calls for an evacuation or calls for staying indoors with windows closed and ventilation off. Methods must be available for notifying the public without causing panic. This public participation must also be exercised periodically so that the residents near the facility know what needs to be done. A general rule for moderate to large fires is to shut off the supply of combustible substances if possible, obtain expert help and evacuate the area. For small fires, shut off supply of combustible substances, evacuate area, and extinguish if possible. Chemical workers can handle small fire themselves only when they are properly trained and have adequate equipment and supplies of materials such as compatible foams, etc. The selection of the fire extinguishing agents for an ICSC and the order in which they are listed is based on their applicability by laymen under various conditions as well as on their effectiveness. They are only intended for small fires. In case of moderate or large fires experts have to decide how to cope with the situation; under some circumstances it may be better to let the fire burn out instead of extinguishing it with water that afterwards could pollute the environment heavily with dissolved toxic substances (e.g., pesticides). In some instances it is stated which extinguisher must NOT be used, because a dangerous reaction may follow. In particular instances a special extinguishing agent is indicated. As the case may be, further information is given in Notes (e.g., 24101).
	Ind. One or more fire extinguishing agents (general) should be mentioned (for tackling small fires) if the substance is (extremely/highly) flammable or combustible. No extinguishing agent should be mentioned for substances combustible only under specific conditions as the criteria used in this guide are not applicable to abnormal fire conditions. For these substances, 14351 or 14353 should normally be used. For flammable gases, normally the combination of 14301, 14313 and 14317 should be used. For all other flammable or combustible substances, use the following table for selection of the agents; if possible, put extinguishing agents in the order of preference. One of the series 14343/49 must be used to indicate 'forbidden' agents. Use 14303 and 14351 for non-combustible substances.
	(14109)

Substance description			Phrase	Example
solids with melting point >=60°C	- organic peroxides - autooxidants		14303	benzoyl peroxide, ammonium nitrate
	- light metals - metal hydrides - pyrophoric metals		14323	magnesium
	self-igniting substances, not violently reacting with water		14325	(dry) potassium sulfide
	other solid substances		14327	sulfur, naphthalene
liquids and solids with melting point <60°C	solubility in water >=300g/L
		f.p.<30°C	14329	acetone
		f.p.>=30°C	14331	glycerol
	solubility in water<300g/L
		d<1.1	14335	toluene
		d>=1.1	14337	carbon disulfide
gases			14339	methane
normally preceded by 14301			(14301)

14301000	Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out; in other cases extinguish with []
	Expl. This sentence is used for flammable gases. The best way to extinguish the fire is by shutting off the gas supply. If this is impossible, it is far better to let the fire burn itself out in a 'controlled' fashion rather than extinguish it.
	Ind. Use for flammable gases, combined (usually) with 14313 and 14317.
14303000	water in large amounts,
	Expl. The fire-fighting action of water mainly consists in cooling due to evaporation and exclusion of oxygen due to the formation of steam. Sometimes large amounts are needed. Also see expl. 14300.
	The use of water jets in dealing with chemical fires is generally not recommended; a throw of 40 meters or more, and 1000 litres per minute is essential because of the risks created by the uncontrolled spreading of the chemicals, particularly corrosive, highly toxic, or environmentally sensitive material, thus increasing the hazard to emergency workers or passers by.
	Water should not be applied on chemicals which react violently with water, without the approval of an expert. Many chemicals will react with water with a varying degree of violence.
	Substances that are carried hot to maintain the solid as a melt or in solution, and would therefore be expected to rapidly solidify on cooling, should not be subjected to the application of considerable quantities of water unless this is necessary to effect safe control. In these circumstances, a medium or fine spray should be used.
	Ind. Consider not using for corrosive (UN class 8), highly toxic (UN class 6.1), or environmentally sensitive material (UN class 9).
	For chemicals carried hot to maintain the solid as a melt or in solution, use 14305 [Fine] water spray.
	Do not use if it reacts violently with water.
14305000	water spray,
	Expl. In this way the water is distributed more effectively over the burning substance, thereby enhancing its cooling and sealing effect. Also see expl. 14300.
	A typical spray branch will deliver a range of droplet size up to 100 micrometers (fine/mist), 100-500 micrometers (medium), and 1000 micrometers (coarse) at distances up to 30 meters.
	Water should not be applied on chemicals which react violently with water, without the approval of an expert. Many chemicals will react with water with a varying degree of violence.
	Substances that are carried hot to maintain the solid as a melt or in solution, and would therefore be expected to rapidly solidify on cooling, should not be subjected to the application of considerable quantities of water unless this is necessary to effect safe control. Normally, therefore, a medium or fine spray should be used rather than coarse spray.
	Compressed and liquefied pressure gases are normally dealt with by dilution/dispersion. Water in the form of a medium-fine spray (mist) can usually be effective in knocking down leaking gas clouds, though care is necessary to avoid water going directly on to some liquid gas pools where a rapid boil-off may be undesirable e.g. insoluble, toxic or flammable gases.
	Ind. Do not use if the substance reacts violently with water.
	Consider 'Fine water spray' if any of the following apply:
	1) It is a non-flammable gas.
	2) It is carried as a hot liquid above 100°C and considerable amounts of water are NOT essential for safe or effective control.
	3) It is a liquid which is non-combustible (flash point >= 93°C).
	4) It is a liquid which is combustible (flash point <= 93°C) and an oxidiser (UN class 5 or sub-risk 5.1).
	5) It is a liquid which is combustible (flash point <= 93°C), which is NOT an oxidiser (UN class 5 or sub-risk 5.1), and is > 10% miscible with water (combine with 14311).
	6) It is a solid which is (or its aqueous solution. is) corrosive (UN class 8), toxic (UN class 6), or environmentally sensitive (UN class 9), and where considerable quantities of water are not required for safe or effective control.
	7) It is a combustible (flash point <= 93°C) immiscible liquid with relative density >1.1 at 20°C.
	Consider 'Coarse water spray' if any of the following apply:
	1) It is a solid which is (or its aqueous solution is) NOT corrosive (UN class 8), toxic (UN class 6), or environmentally sensitive (UN class 9).
	2) It is carried as a hot liquid above 100°C and considerable amounts of water are essential for the safe and effective control.
	3) It is a solid which is (or its aqueous solution is) corrosive (UN class 8), toxic (UN class 6), or environmentally sensitive (UN class 9) BUT considerable quantities of water are essential for the safe or effective control (e.g. solids of class 5.1 or those with sub-risk 5.1).
14305010	Fine
14305020	Coarse
14307000	@AFFF if available,
	Expl. Abbreviation for Aqueous Film Forming Foam, a liquid which, when mixed with water, yields a foam or sealing film. For its extinguishing effect see 'foam'. Also see expl. 14300.
	Water-based extinguishing media should not be used on chemicals which react violently with water, without the approval of an expert. Many chemicals will react with water with a varying degree of violence.
	Ind. Do not use if it react violently with water.
	Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000)
14309000	Foam.
	Expl. A physically produced foam is meant here. Its action consists in preventing heat transfer between the flame and the burning liquid, whereby evaporation is inhibited. Also see expl. 14300.
	Generally used for flammable liquids which are lighter than water and less than 1% miscible with water. Foam is essential if the risk of spread of fire is to be avoided. Its use is even more desirable with liquids of low flash point.
	Ind. Apply to flammable liquids which are less than 1% miscible with water and relative density less than or equal to 1.1 at 20°C. Particularly if the flash point is low. Apply also to combustible liquids (flash point <= 93°C) with miscibility 1-10% with water, and combine with 14311.
14311000	Alcohol-resistant foam.
	Expl. Alcohols, ketones, and esters are capable of 'breaking up' many types of foam, causing loss of the extinguishing effect. Special foam grades have been developed which are more resistant to such decomposition. (AFFF/ATC is also meant here; ATC stands for Alcohol Type Concentrate). Also see expl. 14300.
	Ind. Use for combustible liquids (flash point <= 93°C) that are more than 1% miscible with water (polar solvents). Liquids which react with water are considered as having a miscibility of 1-10% and should have 14309 and 14311.
14313000	Dry powder.
	Expl. Many chemicals will react with water with a varying degree of violence. Those which are considered to warrant particular violence because of severe exothermic reaction causing hazard to emergency workers should be treated with dry powder. These are mainly powders on a bicarbonate base or on an ammonium phosphate base. The extinguishing action appears to consist of inhibiting the chain reactions which keep the fire burning; this phenomenon is called negative catalysis. These powders are also called 'dry chemical' or ‘dry agent’. Also see expl. 14300.
	Ind. Applies if the application of water would increase the overall hazard.
	Use if any of the following apply:
	1) Substances of class 3, ADR in Item 21 (a) or (b) and UN2988, due to their reactivity with water to form dangerous decomposition products, particularly when burning.
	2) Substances of class 4.2, ADR Items (a), except 11 (a), (i.e. metal powders & pyrophoric substances e.g. metal alkyls).
	3) Substances of class 4.3, ADR or sub-risk 4.3, except UN2210, because of liberation of flammable gases when wet.
	4) Substances of class 5.1, ADR Item 5
	5) Substances of class 6.1, ADR Item 44
	6) Substances of class 8, ADR in Items: 1 (a) excluding UN2240, 8 (a), 10 (b), 11 (b), 12 (a) or (b), 33 (a), 35 (b) excluding UN2798 and 2799, 36 (b), 37 (b), 71 a) or (b), 72 (a) or (b), due to their reactivity with water to form dangerous decomposition products.
14315000	@halons,
	Expl. Halons are compounds of fluorine, chlorine, and/or bromine with hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. More specifically, BCF and BTM are meant. The extinguishing action appears to consist of inhibiting the chain reactions which keep the fire burning; this phenomenon is called negative catalysis. Because of the environmental drawbacks (i.e., interference with the ozone layer in the atmosphere), halons should only be used in special situations. Therefore halons are in general not recommended on the ICSCs as fire extinguishing agents, except for those substances which can hardly be extinguished by other agents. Also see explanation 14300.
	Ind. Not used in the cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14317000	Carbon dioxide.
	Expl. The extinguishing action of carbon dioxide consists of excluding oxygen. Strictly speaking, this substance is only suitable for the extinguishing of small (incipient) fires in sheltered positions; in actual practice this means indoors only. Also see explanation 14300.
14319000	Dry sand.
14321000	Special powder.
	Expl. These agents are mentioned for metal fires and special cases.
14323000	Special powder, dry sand, NO other agents.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14325000	Water in large amounts, water spray.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14327000	Water spray, powder.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14329000	Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water in large amounts, carbon dioxide.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14331000	Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14335000	Powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14337000	Water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14339000	Powder, carbon dioxide.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
14343000	NO hydrous agents.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
	24229
14345000	NO other hydrous agents.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
	24229
14347000	NO water.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards (decision 6.10.2000).
	24229
14349000	NO [].
	Ind. 24229
14349010	carbon dioxide
14349020	foam
14349030	water spray
14349040	water
14349050	hydrous agents
14349060	other hydrous agents
14351000	In case of fire in the surroundings: use appropriate extinguishing media.
	Expl. This is only used for non-combustible substances.
	Ind. Applies if this non-combustible substance cannot increase the fire risk by reacting with an extinguishing agent.
14353000	In case of fire in the surroundings: []
	Expl. This is used only for non-combustible substances. It is possible that the ICSC substance may react dangerously with certain extinguishing agents if involved in a fire. This phrase is used to give the necessary warning.
	Ind. Applies if the risk of fire can increase by reaction of this non-combustible substance with an extinguishing agent.
	To be completed with:
	- do not use ... (mention the agent involved)
	- only use ... (mention the agent involved)
	In selecting, weigh the odds of (not) using a certain agent against the increase of the fire risks.
14353010	@AFFF
14353020	alcohol-resistant foam
14353030	carbon dioxide
14353040	dry sand
14353050	foam
14353060	@halons
14353070	powder, carbon dioxide
14353080	water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide
14353090	powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide
14353100	powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide
14353110	powder
14353120	powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water in large amounts, carbon dioxide
14353130	special powder, dry sand, NO other agents
14353140	special powder
14353150	water spray
14353160	water spray, powder
14353170	water in large amounts, water spray
14353190	water in large amounts
14353200	use appropriate extinguishing agent
14353210	NO hydrous agents
14353220	NO other hydrous agents
14353230	NO water
14353240	NO []
14353250	water spray
14353260	foam
14353270	carbon dioxide
14355000	@Fire fighters should wear complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards.
15100000	Explosion: ACUTE HAZARDS.
15101000	Gas/air mixtures are explosive.
	Expl. This applies to flammable gases. There is a great risk of explosive gas/air mixtures being formed upon release of the gas at ambient temperatures.
	Ind. Apply if flammable gas.
	14201 22101 (22301/03)
15103000	Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.
	Expl. This applies to highly flammable liquids (i.e., those with a flash point < 21°C). There is a great risk of explosive vapour/air mixtures being formed upon release of the liquid at ambient temperatures.
	Ind. Apply if liquid with flash point < 21°C.
	14201 22101 (22301/03)
15105000	Above []°C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.
	Expl. This relates to substances with a flash point between 21 and 100°C, the specific value of the flash point should be mentioned.
	Ind. Apply if flash point is > 21°C and < 100°C.
15107000	Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.
	Expl. This is mentioned if dust explosions are possible. Mists of combustible liquids are generally also explosive.
	Ind. Applies if 13222 was used.
	15217 16201
15108000	Risk of explosion[]
15109000	Risk of fire and explosion[].
	Ind. May be completed with the following:
	- 'on contact with .....'
	- 'if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents'
	- 'as a result of (violent) decomposition when .....' (mentioning which chemicals or circumstances).
	Do NOT use this phrase if the explosive reaction only occurs with/under relatively rare chemicals/conditions. The information on the ICSC is intended for normal working situations!
15109010	on contact with
15109020	acid(s)
15109030	alcohol
15109040	base(s)l
15109050	combustible substances
15109060	halogens
15109070	oxidants
15109080	reducing agents
15109090	water
15109100	if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents
15200000	Explosion: PREVENTION.
15201000	Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.
	Expl. This applies to liquids with a flash point below 21°C and to flammable gases. The recommendations deal with the standard safety measures that must be taken in order to prevent the formation and ignition of explosive mixtures of gas/vapour and air.
	N.B.: The technical measures taken to ensure that the composition of the vapour-air mixture in the processing equipment remains outside the explosive limits require careful process design and fall outside the scope of this guide. 'Explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting' refers to electrical equipment and lighting suitable for use in a space or zone where a risk of gas explosion exists. Details are given in various national publications on this issue.
	Ind. Applies to liquids with flash point < 21°C and to flammable gases.
15203000	Above []°C use a closed system, ventilation, and explosion-proof electrical equipment.
	Expl. This applies to all liquids with a flash point >= 21°C but <= 61°C.
	N.B.: The technical measures taken to ensure that the composition of the vapour-air mixture in the processing equipment remains outside the explosive limits require careful process design and fall outside the scope of this guide. 'Explosion-proof electrical equipment' refers to electrical equipment suitable for use in a space or zone where a risk of gas explosion exists. Details are given in various national publications on this issue.
	Ind. Complete with the value of the flash point.
15205000	Above []°C use a closed system, ventilation.
	Expl. This applies to all liquids with a flash point > 61°C but < 100°C. In the case of liquids with a flash point >=100°C, no special attention is paid to the explosion hazard which exists at temperatures above the flash point.
	Ind. Complete with the value of the flash point.
15207000	Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).
	Expl. This is applicable to those combustible liquids which can generate electrostatic charges as a result of flow, friction, or other action (i.e., electric conductivity lower than 10 000 pS/m). When such substances are handled, all equipment must be grounded. Besides grounding, there are other means of preventing undesirable discharges or inhibiting the generation of charges. Refer to specialized literature.
	Ind. Applies if a liquid with a flash point < 100°C and an electric conductivity < 10 000 pS/m (see 12716 for value).
15209000	Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding) if in liquid state.
	Expl. This is applicable to liquefied gases which can generate electrostatic charges as a result of flow, friction, or other action (i.e., electric conductivity lower than 10 000 pS/m). When such substances are handled, all equipment must be grounded. Besides grounding, there are other means of preventing undesirable discharges or inhibiting the generation of charges. Refer to specialized literature.
	Ind. Applies to flammable gases liquefied by compression or cooling.
15211000	Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.
	Expl. This phrase is used with highly flammable liquids with a view to prevent the formation and spreading of ignitable vapour/air mixtures and mists. Use pumps, gravity, or compressed inert gas to transport these liquids.
	Ind. Applies to liquids with a flash point < 21°C; NOT to compressed liquefied gases.
15213000	Use non-sparking handtools.
	Expl. Combustible vapour/air mixture can be ignited by sparks of a certain minimal energy, depending on the substance in question. If this is lower than the quantity of energy in sparks from normal handtools, this phrase is used.
	Ind. Applies if the minimum ignition energy is < 0.6 mJ; see 12713 for the value.
15215000	Do NOT expose to friction or shock.
	Expl. Relates to substances which may undergo explosive decomposition as a result of concussion or friction.
	Ind. Applies if 13323 is used.
15217000	Prevent deposition of dust; closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.
	Expl. This is applicable to cases where finely dispersed powder in air is explosive. It will sometimes be necessary to install special equipment for combating dust explosions.
	Ind. Applies if 13222 was used.
15219000	Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).
	Expl. The risk of dust explosion can be diminished by taking suitable measures which prevent generation and accumulation of electrostatic charges; consult an expert.
	Ind. Applies if 13223 was used.
15300000	Explosion: FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS.
15301000	In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
	Expl. Cylinders, tanks, and drums which are exposed to heat radiation due to a fire in the neighbourhood must be cooled in order to prevent explosion or collapse as a result of pressure rise or local overheating.
	Ind. Applies if the boiling point < 100°C, or flash point <= 61°C, or decomposition temperature < 100°C AND no dangerous reaction with water.
15303000	In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
	Expl. Cylinders, tanks, and drums which are exposed to heat radiation due to a fire in the neighbourhood must be cooled in order to prevent explosion or collapse as a result of pressure rise or local overheating.
	Ind. Applies if a boiling point < 100°C, or flash point <= 61°C, or decomposition temperature < 100°C AND no dangerous reaction with water.
15305000	In case of fire: cool drums, etc., by spraying with water but avoid contact of the substance with water.
	Expl. Cylinders, tanks, and drums which are exposed to heat radiation due to a fire in the neighbourhood must be cooled in order to prevent explosion or collapse as a result of pressure rise or local overheating. This phrase is used if the substance reacts dangerously with water.
	Ind. Applies if a boiling point < 100°C, or flash point <= 61°C, or decomposition temperature < 100°C AND a dangerous reaction with water is possible.
15307000	In case of fire: cool cylinder by spraying with water but avoid contact of the substance with water.
	Expl. Cylinders, tanks, and drums which are exposed to heat radiation due to a fire in the neighbourhood must be cooled in order to prevent explosion or collapse as a result of pressure rise or local overheating. This phrase is used if the substance induces dangerous reactions with water.
	Ind. Applies if a boiling point < 100°C, or flash point <= 61°C, or decomposition temperature < 100°C AND a dangerous reaction with water is possible.
15309000	Combat fire from a sheltered position.
	Expl. Used if an explosion due to instability, etc., is likely to occur.
	Ind. Applies if the NFPA reactivity code is 3 or 4, or if explosive (14121), or if the UN transport classification is 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3, or if gas in cylinder. For the NFPA code, see 24801.
15313000	@Fire fighters should wear complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Ind. Not to be used in the Cards.
16100000	Physical contact: ACUTE HAZARDS/SYMPTOMS.
	Expl. For each of the routes of exposure (inhalation, skin, eyes, and ingestion), a brief survey is given of the principal perceptible symptoms (signs) which may result when contact with the substance exceeds a certain degree. Only symptoms due to an acute exposure to the substance are mentioned.
	Ind. Do NOT mention more than 8 symptoms in each subsection. In general only symptoms from human experience should be mentioned. Symptoms established in animal tests should only be mentioned if they are important to the reader and possible (in the professional judgement of compiler) in humans; application of the symptoms has to be peer-reviewed. Place symptoms in sequence. This sequence should be based on the occurrence of the symptoms on increasing exposure. Use an alphabetical order if an occurrence sequence can not be given. Systemic symptoms should be mentioned in the subsection on the route of exposure. Example: a possible symptom of ingestion of thallium is 'loss of vision'. This should be mentioned in subsection 'Ingestion', NOT in 'Eyes'.
16101000	See EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
16102000	See NOTES.
16200000	Physical contact: PREVENTION.
	Expl. The prevention of physical contact for every route of exposure is briefly described. In practice the safety officer or the occupational hygienist will recommend the most appropriate precautionary measures for a given situation in order to limit the exposure to the substance sufficiently. The necessary precautionary measures should be selected and built into any new process during the planning stages that precedes its introduction. Obviously, it is of prime importance to prevent contact with the substance as far as practicable by suitable design and operation of process installations. These criteria take precedence over the use of devices for personal protection. Any evaluation of a danger situation must take into account not only the toxicity of a substance but also the chance of exposure. The risk of exposure may depend on factors such as:
	- physical properties, such as vapour pressure, rate of evaporation, boiling point, solubility, particle size in solid substances, etc.;
	- efficiency of systems for local exhaust of noxious gases and vapours;
	- shape and dimensions of the working area and the possibility of dust being spread by air streams. Rapid spreading causes danger to other people also present in the working area;
	- other circumstances under which the substance is used.
	Ind. In case data on toxicity and on hazards of a substance are not readily available, the compiler should take this into account in the selection of the phrases on prevention.
16201000	PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!
	Expl. This recommendation concerns solids that may induce formation of powder or dust on handling and may cause serious adverse effects.
	Ind. If 13618 is used, this applies in case of 'harmful' concentrations. If no OEL has been established, application of these phrases should be based on other toxicological data. In case data on toxicity and on hazards of a substance are not readily available, the compiler should take this into account in the selection of the phrases on prevention.
16203000	PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!
	Expl. This recommendation concerns liquids with high boiling points that may induce formation of mists on handling and may cause serious adverse effects.
	Ind. If 13617 is used, this applies for high boiling liquids. If no OEL has been established, application of these phrases should be based on other toxicological data.
16205000	STRICT HYGIENE!
	Expl. Hygienic precautions should always be observed when handling chemicals. This extra warning is given when a substance is considered to be so dangerous that particular caution must be exercised.
	Ind. The application of this phrase should be considered if the substance is:
	- a gas with an OEL <= 10 ppm or a rat LC50 (< 4hr) <= 0.5 mg/l;
	- a liquid or solid with a RIR >= 4000; or
	- a solid (powder) with an OEL < 1 mg/m³ or a rat oral LD50 <= 25 mg/kg.
	The possible effects should also be considered.
16207000	AVOID ALL CONTACT!
	Expl. This warning is given only for highly dangerous substances. The symptoms may appear either immediately or after some time has passed.
	Ind. Apply if the substance is:
	- a very corrosive or easily sensitizing substance;
	- carcinogenic to humans
	- mutagenic to humans ; or
	- one for which all contact should be avoided because of serious hazard of irreversible damage. 'Contact' is to be regarded as a short-time contact of the substance in its normal physical state with the skin or on the inhalation/ingestion of very small quantities.
16209000	AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!
	Expl. This warning is given for substances which are toxic to the reproduction and/or with a teratogenic effect (i.e., causing injury or deformity in unborn children after absorption of the substance by the pregnant woman). Exposure of women in the child-bearing age of life and expectant mothers should be as low as achievable and in any case always below the teratogenic level. Women, prior to being required to handle such a substance, should be informed of the potential effect. When the substance is used, it is also desirable to first ask the occupational physician and/or the safety officer for advice as to whether and in what way the substance should be handled.
	Ind. Applies to (suspected) teratogenic substances and to substances toxic to the reproduction.
16210000	AVOID EXPOSURE OF BREASTFEEDING WOMEN!
	Ind. Use this phrase if there is evidence that the substance has been detected in the milk and the one phrases 13851-13855 has been selected. A decisions to use this phrase must be a conclusion taken by the Peer-Review Committee.
16211000	AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN!
	Expl. It should be forbidden to assign tasks to teenagers and to children in which they can be exposed to dangerous substances, as they are far more sensitive to the impact of noxious chemicals than adults. This phrase should therefore be superfluous. Yet it has been used on the ICSCs of many substances as an extra warning to keep the substance out of the reach of teenagers and children.
	Ind. Use this phrase
	- if there are developmental effects
	- if children are likely to be more sensitive
	- if there are long term effects
	- if there are hormonal effects
	- if there are morphological effects as opposed to physiological effects
	- pesticides that are harmful or toxic to health according to the criteria in GHS.
	The use of this phrase should be decided by the Peer Review group.
16300000	Physical contact: FIRST AID.
	Expl. To properly apply the recommended first aid measures, the reader is referred to an appropriate instruction manual. Persons who may be required to apply first aid should be trained and qualified.
16301000	IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!
	Expl. As the substance can cause serious effects by all routes of exposure, a doctor should be consulted.
	N.B.: Indications on other phrases regarding medical attention are given in the sub-sections Inhalation, Skin, Eyes, and Ingestion.
	Ind. Apply if serious effect can occur by any route of exposure, phrase 17309, 18315, 20317 is selected, and there is justification to highlight medical consultation. Apply to extreme cases. Peer-review group decision needed.
	17309 18315 20317
17100000	Inhalation: ACUTE HAZARDS/SYMPTOMS.
	Expl. The symptoms on the ICSC are mentioned as far as possible in sequence of occurrence on increasing exposure. However, personal sensitivity and/or other influences may cause symptoms to appear in different order. For each routes of exposure (inhalation, skin, eyes, and ingestion), a brief survey is given of the principal perceptible symptoms (signs) which may result when contact with the substance exceeds a certain degree. Only symptoms due to an acute exposure to the substance are mentioned.
	Ind. Do NOT mention more than 8 symptoms in each subsection. In general only symptoms from human experience should be mentioned. Symptoms established in animal tests should only be mentioned if they are important to the reader and possible (in the professional judgement of the compiler) in humans; application of the symptoms has to be peer-reviewed. List symptoms in sequence, if appropriate. This sequence should be based on the occurrence of the symptoms on increasing exposure. Use an alphabetical order if an occurrence sequence can not be given. Systemic symptoms should be mentioned in the subsection on the route of exposure. Example: a possible symptom of ingestion of thallium is 'loss of vision'. This should be mentioned in subsection 'Ingestion', NOT in 'Eyes'.
17101000	[]
17104000	Loss of movement co-ordination.
17105000	Abdominal pain.
17107000	Abdominal cramps.
17108000	Blue lips or finger nails.
	Ind. Early symptoms of cyanosis due to methaemoglobinaemia.
17109000	Blue skin.
	Ind. An early symptom of cyanosis due to methaemoglobinaemia. Can be used if exposure is likely to be sufficient.
17110000	Muscle twitching.
17111000	Burning sensation[].
17113000	Confusion.
17114000	Convulsions.
17115000	Cough.
17117000	Diarrhoea.
17119000	Dizziness.
17121000	Drowsiness.
17123000	Dullness.
17125000	Headache.
17126000	Fever or elevated body temperature.
17127000	Sweating. []
17129000	Laboured breathing.
	Ind. 17303
17130000	Suffocation.
17131000	Nausea.
17133000	Shortness of breath.
	Ind. 17303
17135000	Sore throat.
17137000	Unconsciousness.
17139000	Vomiting.
17140000	Tremor.
17141000	Weakness.
17142000	Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation.
17143000	Wheezing. []
17144000	[]
17145000	Symptoms may be delayed (see Notes).
	Ind. Only to be used in special cases; use NOTES for further information.
	(24424)
17146000	See EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
	Ind. Apply when there is no acute hazard but significant amount of chronic hazard (e.g. carcinogenicity).
17147000	see Ingestion.
17147010	Further
17149000	See Notes.
17200000	Inhalation: PREVENTION.
	Expl. Recommendations for the prevention of inhalation of noxious substances are highly dependant on the circumstances under which the substance is used, including its physical state and form. Therefore only general recommendations are given.
	Ind. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series; use 17211 or 17213 only in special cases, see indication 17211 and 17213. If the 17200 phrases are not applicable, then use a free phrase. Sometimes there is no inhalation risk whatever, for instance if the RIR < 1 or when dealing with solids (b.p. >= 350°C) in lumps. In these cases no phrase is used.
17201000	Ventilation.
	Expl. This applies to liquids or solids that do not in general carry serious risks when their vapour is inhaled, i.e. substances for which the OEL will not be exceeded under normal operating conditions.
	Ind. Applies if the RIR < 12 and the substance is not a powder. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase. Sometimes there is no inhalation risk whatever, for instance if the RIR < 1 or when dealing with solids (b.p. >= 350°C) in lumps. In these cases no phrase is used.
17202000	Avoid inhalation of []
17202010	dust
17202020	mist
17203000	Ventilation (not if powder).
	Expl. This applies to solids that do not in general carry serious risks when inhaled, i.e. substances for which the OEL will not be exceeded under normal operating conditions. The addition '(not if powder)' is used if the substance also comes as a powder, that easily could be scattered by air streams caused by a ventilation system. As the inhalation of a powdered substance, even when of relatively low toxicity, should be prevented, ventilation should not be used in those cases.
	Ind. Applies if the RIR < 12 and exposure to the substance as a powder. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase. Sometimes there is no inhalation risk whatever, for instance if the RIR < 1 or when dealing with solids (b.p. >= 350°C) in lumps. In these cases no phrase is used.
17204000	Avoid inhalation of fine dust and mist.
17205000	Local exhaust or breathing protection.
	Expl. This applies to solid substances that are normally handled as powder or crystals. Even when the crystals are relatively large a certain portion will be powdered by mutual friction. In those cases local exhaust should be considered as a means of inhalation protection in the first place. If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in the air could occur, one should use respiratory protective equipment such as:
	- fresh-air hoods or masks;
	- filter respirators with adsorption cartridge or canister of the right type;
	- particle dust respirators, if necessary combined with an adsorption cartridge.
	For the selection of respiratory protective equipment always consult a safety officer or an occupational hygienist. Rules for the selection may differ by nation. Important points for all types of respiratory protective equipment are:
	- choice of appropriate equipment;
	- clear operating instructions;
	- frequent checks on proper use; and
	- for filters: observance of the guarantee period, their limited absorption capacity, and the concentration of oxygen in ambient air (it should be > 18%).
	Ind. Applies for solids which can develop dust on handling. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase.
17206000	Local exhaust.
17207000	Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection.
	Expl. One of these measures has to be employed for a liquid or gas whose OEL can be exceeded under normal conditions. When using closed apparatus, ventilation may be adequate; in other cases local exhaust or respiratory protective equipment has to be used. N.B. Dust respirators are inappropriate and inadequate for the handling of aerosols and atomized liquids (e.g., in paint spraying).
	Ind. Applies if the substance is a liquid or gas with a RIR >= 12. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase.
17209000	Ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust, or breathing protection.
	Ind. Applies if the substance is a liquid or gas and also for solids with a RIR >= 12 which may come in dusting as well in non-dusting form. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase.
17211000	Breathing protection.
	Ind. Normally this phrase should NOT be used. The application should be a Peer-Review decision based on arguments presented by the compiler. Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase.
17213000	Closed system and ventilation.
	Expl. This phrase is to be used for those substance for which the inhalation hazard of vapour or dust is so high that the application is only acceptable in totally closed systems. Even then ventilation is necessary as minimal leakage could occur. When handling such substances (e.g., for internal transport) the containers should be of high quality and leak-proof.
	Ind. Apply only to those few substances for which processing in a closed system is the only solution, e.g., IARC Class I carcinogens. Consider first the alternatives 17205/09 as detailed in their ind. and expl. ('Avoid contact' does not necessarily imply 'closed system'!) Do NOT use combinations of the 17200 series. If not applicable, use a free phrase.
17215000	[]
17216000	Closed system.
17300000	Inhalation: FIRST AID.
17301000	Fresh air, rest.
	Ind. This applies to all cases where the inhalation of a substance has given rise to complaints or symptoms.
17303000	Half-upright position.
	Expl. This is important in those cases where inhalation of a severely irritating or a corrosive substance has led to shortness of breath or which is likely to cause lung oedema. This position is often the most comfortable for the patient.
	Ind. Apply to substances likely to cause lung oedema.
17305000	Artificial respiration may be needed.
	Expl. This applies to serious cases where the patient has stopped breathing altogether or nearly altogether. Artificial respiration is also indicated in cases of acute laboured breathing with a risk of suffocation. In many cases where the ICSC recommends artificial respiration, an obvious first choice would be to administer oxygen, but this form of treatment has been left out deliberately. The administration of oxygen, if carried out improperly, is sometimes more harmful than beneficial to the patient. It should therefore be administered exclusively by specially trained first aid and medical personnel or doctors. It is useful to have oxygen resuscitation apparatus available near to sites where the risk is high and where on-the-spot treatment could be given by properly qualified first aid personnel.
	Ind. Applies when, based on collective information on the chemical and symptoms, respiratory distress might be expected. If an oxygen apparatus should be available when handling the concerning substance, then also use 24425.
17306000	No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
	Ind. Use when the substance involved could be found at toxic levels in the exhaled air of the victim. Use only in rare cases, such as for cyanides.
17307000	[]
17309000	Refer[] for medical attention[].
	Exp1. Treat the patient by observation and supportive measures as indicated by his/her condition.
	2. If the services of a Medical Officer or a Medical Doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the ICSC should be provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the Medical Specialist.
	3. If medical attention is not available on the work site or in the near surroundings, send the patient to a hospital, together with a copy of the ICSC.
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance has acute toxicity by inhalation (GHS criteria III).
17309010	immediately
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance has acute toxicity by inhalation (GHS criteria I or II).
17309020	if you feel unwell
	Ind. Use the phrase if no symptoms are reported because lack of data but the substance is classified in GHS categories I, II, III. May be used based on expert judgement with account of physical form, vapour pressure, etc. (GHS categories IV and V).
17311000	[]
17313000	See Notes.
18100000	Skin: ACUTE HAZARDS/SYMPTOMS.
	Expl. A substance may produce acute symptoms when it comes in contact with the skin. Where a substance may be absorbed by the skin, consideration must be given to whether or not this constitutes an acute physical hazard. The degree of hazard following skin absorption depends chiefly on:
	- the permeability of the skin;
	- the duration of exposure;
	- the concentration of the substance;
	- the nature of the substance; and
	- the properties of the solvent, if used.
	Absorption may occur without visible symptoms! The symptoms on the ICSC are mentioned as far as possible in sequence of occurrence on increasing exposure. However, personal sensitivity and/or other influences may cause symptoms to appear in a different order. For each routes of exposure (inhalation, skin, eyes, and ingestion), a brief survey is given of the principal perceptible symptoms (signs) which may result when contact with the substance exceeds a certain degree. Only symptoms due to an acute exposure to the substance are mentioned.
	Ind. Do NOT mention more than 8 symptoms in each subsection. In general only symptoms from human experience should be mentioned. Symptoms established in animal tests should only be mentioned if they are important to the reader and possible (in the professional judgement of the compiler) in humans; application of the symptoms has to be peer-reviewed. List symptoms in sequence, if appropriate. This sequence should be based on the occurrence of the symptoms on increasing exposure. Use an alphabetical order if an occurrence sequence can not be given. Systemic symptoms should be mentioned in the subsection on the route of exposure. Example: a possible symptom of ingestion of thallium is 'loss of vision'. This should be mentioned in subsection 'Ingestion', NOT in 'Eyes'.
18101000	[]
18102000	Easily absorbed.
	Ind. Select if the skin absorption is the principal route of exposure.
18103000	MAY BE ABSORBED!
	Ind. Applies if absorption (13503 or 13509) is to regarded as an acute hazard in peer-review; if the substance meets the criteria of dermal acute toxicity category 1 or 2 in GHS (dermal LD50<200 mg/kg, fatal/toxic in contact with skin) OR if it has serious long term systematic effects (cancer, reproductive toxicity) and has been shown to pass through skin in significant amounts. The decision to use this phrase is taken by peer-review Committee.
	18201 18207 (16101) (19205) (19207) (19209)
18105000	Dry skin.
	Ind. Apply to substances which may defat the skin.
18107000	Redness.
	Ind. (18113)
18109000	Roughness.
18110000	[]skin burns.
	Ind. May be completed with 'serious'.
18110010	Serious
18111000	Burning sensation.
18113000	Pain.
	Ind. 'Pain' is rarely combined with 'redness' alone.
18115000	[]
18117000	Blisters.
	Ind. Applies not only to substances that produce effect similar to thermal burns, but also to vesicants such as CS₂, some chemical warfare agents and some allergens that do not produce pain and/or reddening.
18118000	Blue lips or fingernails.
18119000	Blue skin.
18120000	Muscle twitching.
18121000	Serious frostbite.
	Ind. Applies if a liquefied gas stored under atmospheric pressure (cryogenics).
	18203 18303
18123000	([]see Inhalation).
18123010	Further
18125000	ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.
	Ind. Applies if a compressed liquefied gas or liquid with a boiling point < 20°C.
	18203 18303
18126000	See EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
	Ind. Apply when there is no acute hazard but significant amount of chronic hazard (e.g. carcinogenicity).
18200000	Skin: PREVENTION.
18201000	Protective gloves.
	Expl. In general it is necessary to use protective gloves when handling chemicals. With only a few substances that are physiologically regarded as harmless could one refrain from the use of gloves, provided the contact period is short. Extensive contact with these substances may cause mechanical damage (abrasion, cutting) to the skin; use of industrial gloves made of leather or woven textiles is recommended in these cases. In all other cases such industrial gloves may not protect the skin adequately and should not be used. To prevent injury to and/or absorption through the skin, gloves made of rubber or plastic impermeable to the substance in question should be used. For some chemicals however, a glove material that offers adequate protection is not yet available; such substances must therefore be handled only in effectively protected equipment (i.e., closed). As regards the choice of the glove material, the safety officer should be asked for advice. Refer also to special publications, e.g., Guidelines for Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati (USA).
	Ind. Applies to all substances with the exception of:
	- solid substances which can be regarded as physiologically inert;
	- liquids frequently handled at a temperature > 50°C;
	- liquids frequently handled at a temperature < -30°C;
	- liquids with a boiling point < 20°C; or
	- liquefied gases in cylinders (13105).
18203000	Cold-insulating gloves.
	Expl. These are recommended for prevention of frostbite in the handling of cold substances (e.g., compressed liquefied gases or liquids whose boiling point is below 0°C). If the substance can penetrate through the skin or damage it, a combination must be found with a rubber or plastic glove material which is sufficiently resistant to the substance.
	Ind. Use this phrase for:
	- liquids with a temperature < -30°C;
	- liquids with a boiling point < 20°C; or
	- liquefied gases in cylinders (13105).
18205000	Heat-insulating gloves.
	Expl. These are recommended for prevention of burns in the handling of substances often handled at elevated temperature (e.g., molten sulfur). If the substance can penetrate through the skin or damage it, a combination must be found with a rubber or plastic glove material which is sufficiently resistant to the substance.
	Ind. Use this phrase for liquids frequently handled at a temperature > 50°C.
18207000	Protective clothing.
	Expl. The aim should be to adjust the working conditions so that normal working clothes, i.e., overalls with suitable gloves and boots, can be worn. In practice, however, this will not always be possible. The use of protective clothing is recommended when even occasional contact with a substance through the normal working clothes can have serious consequences. The safety officer should decide whether working conditions require the wearing of protective clothing and, if so, the type to be worn. Also see the Guidelines for Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati (USA).
	N.B.: Trousers should be worn over boots, not tucked in.
	Ind. Applies to the following substances:
	- liquids which cause skin burns, such as strong oxidants and concentrated strong acids and bases;
	- substances which may cause sensitization; or
	- substances whose absorption through the skin involves hazards.
18209000	[]
18300000	Skin: FIRST AID.
18301000	Remove contaminated clothes.
	Expl. Usually it makes sense to take off contaminated clothes and shoes as soon as possible to avoid further contact between them and the skin. It is better, however, to start with a rinse or a shower and to take off clothing during this treatment.
	Ind. Use with 18309, 18311 or 18313. Apply for gases or liquids with flash point between 0°C and 61°C, spontaneously flammable solids (such as organic peroxides) or which may readily catch fire after brief contact with a source of ignition and which continue to burn after the removal of the source of ignition.
	Apply when criteria for GHS corrosive for skin (Category 1) is met, substances which have a skin notation in OELs or which are absorbed through the skin in harmful quantities according to literature references (LD50 dermal <= 2000 mg/kg by weight).
	Apply when repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.
	Do not apply in case of thermal burning or frostbite because of the increased risk of infection when blisters burst.
18303000	ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes.
	Expl. In case of frostbite, do not remove clothing because of the increased risk of infection when blisters burst. Obviously, the contaminated clothes and skin must be rinsed with plenty of water.
	Ind. Applies to substances that can cause frostbite, i.e., if 13741 or 13743 is used.
18305000	Rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes.
	Expl. In case of burning or frostbite, do not remove clothing because of the increased risk of infection when blisters burst. Obviously, the contaminated clothes and skin must be rinsed with plenty of water.
	Ind. To be used in special cases.
18307000	First rinse with plenty of water, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.
	Expl. When the skin and clothing are heavily contaminated with strong oxidants or with strong reducing agents, the clothes could catch fire. In those cases it is preferable to rinse first with water or have a shower and only then remove contaminated clothes.
	Ind. Applies if 13361 or 13363 is used.
18309000	Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
	Expl. This means active, thorough cleaning of the skin; 18311 applies for passive cleaning of the skin with water only. Do not wash if the skin is damaged or likely to be damaged.
18311000	Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
	Expl. This means the passive cleaning of the skin with water only; 18309 applies for active, thorough cleaning of the skin. Do not wash if the skin is damaged or likely to be damaged.
18313000	To remove or neutralize substance use []; do NOT use water.
	Expl. This phrase is used in those exceptional cases where water could make things worse. The solvent to be used is mentioned.
18315000	Refer[] for medical attention[].
	Expl. 1. Treat the patient by observation and supportive measures as indicated by his/her condition.
	2. If the services of a Medical Officer or Medical Doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the ICSC should be provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the Medical Specialist.
	3. If medical attention is not available on the work site or in the near surroundings, send the patient to a hospital, together with a copy of the ICSC.
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance has dermal acute toxicity (GHS criteria III).
18315010	immediately
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance has dermal acute toxicity (GHS criteria I or II), if the substance is corrosive to the skin (GHS skin corrosion/irritation 1A to 1C). Use for refrigerated liquefied gases.
18315020	if skin irritation occurs
	Ind. Use the phrase if GHS criteria for skin corrosion/irritation 2 or 3 apply.
18315030	if you feel unwell
	Ind. Use the phrase if no symptoms are reported because lack of data but the substance is classified in GHS categories I, II, III. May be used based on expert judgement with account of physical form, vapour pressure, etc. (GHS categories IV and V).
18317000	Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.
18319000	[]
19100000	Eyes: ACUTE HAZARDS/SYMPTOMS.
	Expl. The acute symptoms resulting from contact of the substance with the eyes are described. If absorption of the vapour of the substance is possible, this will also be mentioned.
	Ind. See expl. and ind. 16100. List the symptoms in sequence, if appropriate. The sequence should be based on occurrence of the symptoms on increasing exposure to the substance.
19101000	[]
19103000	VAPOUR WILL BE ABSORBED!
	Ind. Should be used if absorption by the eyes causes a special hazard.
19104000	Causes watering of the eyes.
	Expl. Some substances, known as lachrymators, cause the eyes to water.
	Ind. Apply to typical lachrymators, i.e., gases or liquids of which the vapours induce lachrymation NOT due to ordinary irritation of the eyes.
19105000	[]
19107000	Redness.
	Ind. (19109)
19109000	Pain.
19111000	[]
19113000	Blurred vision.
19115000	[]Loss of vision.
19115010	Temporary
19115020	Permanent
19117000	Severe deep burns.
19118000	Severe effects.
19119000	[]
19123000	[]
19200000	Eyes: PREVENTION.
	Expl. The type of eye protection to be used depends on both the substance to which one is exposed and on the work situation. More than one means of protection is sometimes mentioned. Contact lenses in general give no protection to the eyes in industrial situations. The recommendations on eye protection are the same whether or not contact lenses are worn. Contact lenses can cause extra risks; it is better to not use them at all but to wear safety spectacles with correcting lenses instead.
19201000	Safety spectacles
	Expl. To be used for protection against liquid and/or solid substances that present little danger to eyes and skin upon occasional contact (apart from mechanical danger). The type with side shields is preferable. Attention should be given to the resistance of the materials of the spectacles to the substances which are to be handled. This applies also to other means of eye protection. The type of eye protection to be used depends on both the substance to which one is exposed and on the work situation. More than one means of protection is sometimes mentioned. Contact lenses in general give no protection to the eyes in industrial situations. The recommendations on eye protection are the same whether or not contact lenses are worn. Contact lenses can cause extra risks; it is better to not use them at all but to wear safety spectacles with correcting lenses instead.
	Ind. This phrase can be combined with 19205 or 19207. This phrase should be applied to all substances that do not require more complete means of protection. Exceptions:
	- solids which cannot easily be dispersed, e.g., pastes; or
	- gases in cylinders which are in themselves not dangerous to the eyes.
19203000	Safety goggles
	Expl. To be used for liquid and solid substances including fine powders that may endanger the eyes, but present little danger to the (facial) skin upon occasional contact. The type of eye protection to be used depends on both the substance to which one is exposed and on the work situation. More than one means of protection is sometimes mentioned. Contact lenses in general give no protection to the eyes in industrial situations. The recommendations on eye protection are the same whether or not contact lenses are worn. Contact lenses can cause extra risks; it is better to not use them at all but to wear safety spectacles with correcting lenses instead.
	Ind. Applies if the substance is corrosive to the eyes but not to the skin (see 13705 and its alternatives), or if the substance occurs as a powder and is a nuisance to the eyes. This phrase can be combined with 19205 or 19207.
19205000	Face shield
	Expl. To be used for liquid or non-dusting solid substances that are dangerous to both eyes and skin. The type of eye protection to be used depends on both the substance to which one is exposed and on the work situation. More than one means of protection is sometimes mentioned. Contact lenses in general give no protection to the eyes in industrial situations. The recommendations on eye protection are the same whether or not contact lenses are worn. Contact lenses can cause extra risks; it is better to not use them at all but to wear safety spectacles with correcting lenses instead.
	N.B.: A face shield affords inadequate protection in situations where liquid droplets can splash up from below, for instance, when an object drops into a drum filled with the liquid.
	Ind. Applies if the substance is corrosive to skin (see 13705 or its alternatives), or if an acute absorption hazard (18103), or if 11303 (liquefied gas) was used. This phrase can be combined with 19201 or 19203 by starting it with 'or'; without 'or' it can also be applied either alone or in combination with 19207.
19205010	or
19205020	and
19207000	eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
	Expl. Depending on the work situation, this alternative to any of the preceding means of eye protection has to be used for substances that are both dangerous to the eyes AND:
	- involve a great risk of inhalation of a harmful vapour concentration;
	- inhalation of which in the form of a finely dispersed powder, such as in the event of dusting, should definitely be avoided; or
	- must on no account be allowed to come into contact with the skin.
	The combination may consist of:
	- a fresh-air hood;
	- a full-face respirator with either fresh-air supply or filter of the right class (powders) or type (vapours);
	- a fresh-air helmet (for some solids only).
	Ind. This phrase should be used for gases or liquids. Applies if the RIR > 4000 and any skin contact should be avoided; or inhalation of powder from the substance is not allowable, and any skin contact should be avoided.
19209000	eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.
	Ind. This phrase should be used for solids which may come as a powder. Applies if RIR > 4000, and any skin contact should be avoided; or inhalation of powder from the substance is not allowable, and any skin contact should be avoided.
19211000	[]
19300000	Eyes: FIRST AID.
19301000	First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor.
	Expl. Rinse continuously with water, preferably for at least 15 minutes. As a harmful substance could stay under contact lenses, they should be removed but only if they are not sticking to the eyes. Otherwise, extra damage could be done. After rinsing, the victim should see a doctor in all cases, whether for treatment or for a check-up only. He/she should be escorted if indicated.
	Ind. Apply in all cases.
19302000	First rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).
19303000	Refer[] for medical attention.
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance causes eye damage/irritation (GHS eye damage /irritation 1).
19303010	immediately
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance causes eye damage/irritation (GHS eye damage /irritation 2).
20100000	Ingestion: ACUTE SYMPTOMS.
	Expl. Although it can be assumed that nobody will intentionally eat or drink chemicals, symptoms that result from this route of absorption, are listed as far as space permits or the hazard of a substance demands. In this connection, solids or liquids that stick to the skin (hands) or clothes are considered to be particularly dangerous. The symptoms are listed in order of occurrence on increasing exposure (use 20150). See explanation 16100.
	Ind. This sub-section should only be used for liquids or solids (not gases) that are toxic or corrosive in relatively small amounts, for instance if:
	- the rat oral LD50 < 2 g/kg,
	- a strong or medium strong acid/base,
	- a strong oxidant,
	- the substance needs a T+, T, Xn, C, or O label conforming to the EC rules; or
	- other data are known, indicating serious effects on ingestion.
	Further see ind. 16100.
20101000	[]
20103000	Abdominal cramps.
20105000	Abdominal pain.
20106000	Blue lips or fingernails.
20107000	Blue skin.
20109000	Burning sensation[].
	Ind. Complete with location of effect (e.g., 'behind breastbone' or 'in throat and chest').
20109010	in the throat and chest
20110000	Muscle twitching.
20111000	Confusion.
20113000	Constipation.
20114000	Convulsions.
20115000	Cough.
20117000	Diarrhoea.
20119000	Dizziness.
20121000	Drowsiness.
20123000	Dullness.
20125000	Headache.
20127000	Laboured breathing.
20129000	Nausea.
20130000	Shock or collapse.
20131000	Shortness of breath.
20133000	Sore throat.
20135000	Unconsciousness.
20137000	Vomiting.
20139000	Weakness.
20140000	Pupillary constriction, muscle cramps, excessive salivation.
	Ind. For OP compounds.
20141000	[]
20142000	See EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
	Ind. Apply when there is no acute hazard but significant amount of chronic hazard (e.g. carcinogenicity).
20143000	([]see Inhalation).
20143010	Further
20200000	Ingestion: PREVENTION.
20201000	Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
	Expl. It is recommended that there should never be eating, drinking, or smoking during work. Although this recommendation could be considered to form a normal part of the general rules of conduct, it is mentioned on all ICSCs as an extra warning. In view of the great risk of food being contaminated during the handling of toxic powders or viscous toxic liquids, this warning applies especially to those substances.
	Ind. Generally applies to all substances. It should be a Peer-Review decision not to select.
20202000	Wash hands before eating.
	Expl. It is highly advisable to wash one's hands before eating.
	Ind. Applies to pesticides, toxic and very toxic substances. Peer-review decision not to select.
20300000	Ingestion: FIRST AID.
20301000	Rinse mouth.
	Expl. This is especially important when the throat and mouth are likely to be affected.
	Ind. Application to be considered per substance. In any case if a corrosive or irritant liquid or solid.
20303000	[]
20305000	Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink.
	Expl. Activated charcoal is used to prevent the absorption from gastrointestinal tract in case of potentially toxic amounts of chemical. Delay in the administration of activated charcoal impairs its efficiency and therefore it should be administered as soon as possible This means within one hour after ingestion, but the potential benefit after one hour cannot be excluded. Because ingested amount is usually unknown, activated charcoal doses should be high enough: for adults 25-100 g in glass of water is recommended. However, NEVER GIVE A DROWSY OR UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT ANYTHING TO DRINK!
	Ind. Applies to substances which can be easily ingested at amounts producing severe intoxication. This means substances with an oral LD50 <200-300 mg/kg (about) and high amounts need not to be ingested to produce toxicity. Contraindications for the use of activated charcoal include unprotected airway (for example, resulting from lowering of consciousness) and situations in which its use increases the risk of aspiration (for example, liquid hydrocarbons). Charcoal should NOT be used for elemental metals, iron salts, lithium salts, ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, petroleum distillates with high aspiration potency, strong acids and alkali. Although activated charcoal may be less effective for cyanide salts, it may still be of benefit if administered immediately after the ingestion..
20307000	Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!).
	Expl. Inducing vomiting is dissuaded as a first aid measure because of the risk of aspiration of stomach contents. It is better to take the patient to a doctor who can decide on the necessity and method of emptying the stomach. This phrase will therefore only be applied in special cases. NEVER INDUCE VOMITING IN AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON!
	Ind. Apply to substances with an oral LD50 < 200 mg/kg combined with a high resorption rate, e.g., certain pesticides. In these cases the aspiration danger does not prevail. Do not use for corrosive or caustic substances and organic solvents of low viscosity.
20309000	Do NOT induce vomiting.
	Expl. While inducing vomiting is dissuaded in general, this warning is given for corrosive or caustic substances and organic solvents of low viscosity. Corrosives and caustics cause extra harm to mucous membranes on vomiting, and solvents may cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated.
	Ind. Add systematically for all corrosive and severely irritating substances, and organic solvents of low viscosity, excluding very toxic substances.
20310000	Give one or two glasses of water to drink.
20311000	Give nothing to drink.
20312000	Give plenty of water to drink.
20313000	Rest.
20315000	Wear protective gloves when inducing vomiting.
20317000	Refer[] for medical attention[].
	Expl. 1. Treat the patient by observation and supportive measures as indicated by his/her condition.
	2. If the services of a Medical Officer or Medical Doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the ICSC should be provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the Medical Specialist.
	3. If medical attention is not available on the work site or in the near surroundings, send the patient to a hospital, together with a copy of the ICSC.
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance has oral acute toxicity (GHS criteria IV).
20317010	immediately
	Ind. Use the phrase if the substance has oral acute toxicity (GHS criteria I, II or III) or there is risk of aspiration (GHS aspiration toxicity 1 or 2).
20317020	if you feel unwell
	Ind. Use the phrase if no symptoms are reported because lack of data but the substance is classified in GHS categories I, II, III, IV. May be used based on expert judgement with account of physical form, vapour pressure, etc. (GHS category V).
20319000	[]
20321000	See Notes.
21000000	¦ SPILLAGE DISPOSAL ¦
	Expl. The ICSC is limited to the handling of small to moderate sized spills. For larger spills, experts must be notified and actions must be taken such as evacuation or fire fighting. For extremely dangerous substances, any spill is dangerous enough for the chemical worker to call for expert help. In any case, personal safety equipment must be worn when such chemicals are spilled and evacuation is usually in order. The more dangerous a substance is, the more important it is to have an emergency plan available for large spills and to devise actions to be taken in the event of a sudden small or moderate leakage or discharge to the surroundings. Some means of limiting the effects of leakage are:
	- facilities for collecting spilled liquid;
	- sand or a suitable absorbing material for containment or absorption;
	- provision to seal leaking drums; and
	- provision to rinse away spilled substance (as far as allowed);
	- ventilation.
	In connection with this the following aids should be available at all times:
	- personal protective equipment (goggles, face shields, special clothing, aprons, boots, gloves, respiratory protective equipment, etc.);
	- collecting vessels (e.g., enclosing vessels);
	- neutralizing agents; and
	- sand or a suitable absorbing material.
	Detailed disposal procedures are given in various handbooks on chemical safety detailed disposal.
	When chemicals are used in the cleaning-up procedure, attention should be given to eventual disposal of the waste materials. The general measures for spillage disposal on the ICSC are intended to protect those who have to deal with a spill and to avoid environmental pollution. Concerning the latter, adaptations should be made so that directives on the ICSCs conform to the rules of national legislation, including possible incineration or other disposal of collected residues.
	Ind. Read this instruction first! Select the phrases in this section in order:
	1. Personal protection
	2. Environmental precautions
	3. Clean-up procedures
	Disposal phrases are presented twice, first as phrase combinations and then as single phrases. Most liquids and solids conform to the specification of one or another of the groups A, B, and C that are listed below. Having determined in which group a substance belongs one can use the fixed combination of disposal phrases appropriate to that group. If there is no fixed combination that applies to a particular substance the compiler should select the appropriate phrase(s). Ind. and expl. relative to the disposal phrases are provided only with the single phrases. Compilers using fixed combination phrases may need to refer to the single phrases when ind. and expl. are required to confirm the appropriateness of a combination. For disposal of gases see 21105, 21107, and 21241.
	N.B.: The classification into the groups A, B, and C is based on generally accepted ideas on the prevention of water pollution.
	Group A contains salts whose ions are fairly common in natural surface waters; group B contains those substances which in general cause little pollution and therefore could be drained in small amounts; group C contains substances which cause undesired pollution. If necessary the list of group C can be adapted to national legislation. After using the combination phrases, the single phrases should be gone through and be added as necessary. Give attention to special disposal phrases 21237/39/41/45.
	Specification of the groups A, B, and C:
	A: Inorganic salts, acids, and bases only containing one or more of the following: aluminium, ammonium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium or sodium; carbonate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate (ortho), silicate, or sulfate.
	A1: Solid: neutral or weak or medium strong acid or base.
	A2: Solid: strong acid or base.
	A3: Liquid: neutral or weak acid or base.
	A4: Liquid: medium or strong acid or base.
	B: Liquids (B1) and solids (B2) with a solubility in water > 10 g/100 ml and with flash point > 0°C, and not reacting spontaneously with water to produce toxic or flammable vapours or gases, and not belonging to group A or C.
	C: Liquids (C1) and solids (C2) which do not meet the specification of group A or B, or are mentioned in the following lists:
	Substances containing any of the following elements: antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, tellurium, thallium, tin, titanium, uranium, vanadium, zinc.
	Substances belonging to one of the following categories:
	-acid halides
	-amides
	-aromatic polycyclic compounds
	-biocides and pesticides
	-carbides
	-carcinogens, human and animal (including asbestos)
	-halogens and their organic compounds (except bromide, chloride and iodide salts)
	-hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen selenide and hydrogen sulfide (all of their solutions and salts)
	-mercaptans
	-nitrites and nitrides
	-nitrogen-containing organic compounds (except amines and ammonium salts)
	-oils (mineral)
	-phosphorus and organic phosphorus compounds
	-peracids, peroxides, persalts
	-phenols and phenol compounds
	-silanes (halogenated)
	-silicon-containing organic compounds, silicones included
	-sulfur-containing organic compounds (except sulfates and sulfites)
	-all persistent substances which could accumulate in animals or plants.
	N.B.: Sometimes a liquid C can be transferred to group B by a simple treatment of the spillage; in such cases apply 21207, 21209 and 21227.
	All phrases with '[]containers' can be completed with material specification. Use this possibility only when strictly necessary.
21101000	Evacuate danger area[]!
	Expl. The immediate area of an incident is that area of approximately 100 meters radius in which the emergency services operate. Consideration may be given to warning people nearby to stay indoors with doors and windows closed. Evacuation would be considered when there is a threat to people in immediate danger.
	Ind. In general, 21101 and 21103 are used in combination although a situation could occur when only one of them is selected. Apply 21101 if:
	- a flammable gas with relative density to air >= 0.9;
	- a toxic gas with a rat LC50 (4 hr) <= 2 mg/l (T-label according to EC rules);
	- a liquid with a RIR >= 4000; or
	- liquid with the ratio p₂₀/LEL >= 10 (where p₂₀ = saturated vapour pressure at 20°C in kPa and LEL = lower explosive limit in vol. %).
	Both 21101 and 21103 can, if necessary, be completed with an indication of the circumstances under which these measures should be taken.
	21103
21101010	immediately
21103000	Consult an expert[]!
	Expl. This applies to a number of highly dangerous substances that present fire or health hazards to anyone in the neighbourhood. An expert must be consulted as soon as possible.
	Ind. In general, 21101 and 21103 are used in combination although a situation could occur when only one of them is selected. Apply 21103 if:
	- a flammable gas with relative density to air >= 0.9;
	- a toxic gas with a rat LC50 (4 hr) <= 2 mg/l (T-label according to EC rules);
	- a liquid with a RIR >= 4000; or
	- liquid with the ratio p₂₀/LEL >= 10 (where p20 = saturated vapour pressure at 20°C in kPa and LEL = lower explosive limit in volume %).
	- for gas or liquids with RIR > 100, or with flash point < 21°C,
	- for extremely and highly flammable substances (in Fire hazard section).
	- when phrase 'gas./air mixtures are explosive' or 'vapour/air mixtures are explosive' is used (in Explosion hazard section).
	- for pyrophoric substances (according to EU criteria for R:17).
	Both 21103 and 21101 can, if necessary, be completed with an indication of the circumstances under which these measures should be taken; for instance, ' in case of a large spill' can be indicated if appropriate.
	21101

Clean-up procedures:
21104000	Cover the spilled material with [].
	Expl. Liquid chemicals when spilled in small or moderate amounts should be covered in order to prevent evaporation.
	Ind. Apply for liquids meeting the criteria for F or F+ chemicals. Complete the phrase with foam-blanket. Apply also for liquids meeting the criteria for T+, T or C if the vapour pressure at room temperature exceeds 20 kPa. Complete this phrase with the names of the inert absorbent such as sand, earth, vermiculite, etc.
21104010	absorbent
21104020	non-combustible
21104030	inert
21105000	Ventilation.
	Expl. A spill often causes a harmful or even dangerous concentration of gases/vapours. Ventilation is a means of clearing the atmosphere. Moreover, for leaking gases it is the only method to remove them. In some situations however ventilation might increase the danger:
	- substances in the form of powder may be dispersed by ventilation;
	- local ventilation could cause faster evaporation of a liquid spill, thus increasing the vapour concentration if not enough fresh air is supplied; and
	- concentrations above the upper explosion limit will decrease, thus bringing the atmosphere within the explosive limits.
	Ind Ventilation should be applied judiciously and NEVER for solids which occur as a powder, and in general not for substances with a boiling point >= 350°C.
	Use when phrase 13601 or phrase 13603 or phrase 13604040 (a harmful contamination of the air -will be reached very quickly- on evaporation of this substance at 20°C) is selected.
21107000	[]
21109000	Remove all ignition sources.
	Expl. Select when a gas/air mixture or vapour/air mixture of a spill can easily be ignited.
	Ind. Use this phrase for highly flammable (F+) substances.
21201000	Collect leaking liquid in sealable []containers.
	Expl. As a rule a leaking liquid should be collected in a 'sealable' container. However if the liquid could polymerize or decompose violently due to casual circumstances (e.g., contamination), the container should only be 'covered' rather than 'sealed' in order to allow any pressure which might tear the container to be released.
	Ind. Apply to stable liquids with no risk of pressure-rise by polymerization, decomposition. All phrases with '[] containers' can be completed with a material specification. Use this possibility only when strictly necessary. Everyone knows for instance that acids should be collected in acid-resistant material, such an addition, therefore, being superfluous. Also see indication 21000.
21201010	metal
21201020	plastic
21203000	Collect leaking liquid in covered []containers.
	Expl. As a rule a leaking liquid should be collected in a 'sealable' container. However if the liquid could polymerize or decompose violently due to casual circumstances (e.g., contamination), the container should only be 'covered' rather than 'sealed' in order to allow any pressure which might tear the container to be released.
	Ind. Apply to unstable liquids with risk of pressure-rise due to polymerization, decomposition. All phrases with '[] containers' can be completed with a material specification. Use this possibility only when strictly necessary. Everyone knows for instance that acids should be collected in acid-resistant material, such an addition, therefore, being superfluous. Also see indication 21000.
21203010	metal
21203020	plastic
21205000	Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid[].
	Expl. While neutralizing (medium) strong acids or bases, a great deal of heat can be developed. The neutralizing process should therefore be done by adding small portions of neutralizer at a time and with protection against spattering.
	Ind. Complete by mentioning the neutralizer ('with....') or the process to be applied ('by....'). Chose the neutralizer case by case. In general cases, for acids: soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, slaked lime, weak alkaline solution, for bases: dilute acid. Also see indication 21000..
21207000	@Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable []containers as far as possible.
	Ind. In all phrases with '[] containers' this can be completed with a material specification. Use this possibility only when strictly necessary. Everyone knows for instance that acids should be collected in acid-resistant material, such an addition, therefore, being superfluous. Applies to substances belonging to Group B or C. Also see ind. 21000. (Decision, Helsinki 2003).
21207010	metal
21207020	plastic
21209000	Treat remaining liquid[].
	Ind. To be used for toxic, strongly oxidizing liquids, etc., that can be made harmless with relatively simple means, resulting in a transfer of the substance from Group C to Group B. Complete the phrase with: 'with....' or 'by....' mentioning the chemicals or process to be used. If more than 10 words, complete with 'see Notes' and give details in NOTES. Also see indication 21000.
21211000	Wash away spilled liquid with plenty of water.
	Expl. Substances which do not react violently with water and are not likely to cause serious environmental pollution, or result in an explosive atmosphere in the sewer can be washed away with plenty of water. Insoluble solids and liquids are not easily dispersed with water and may well block the drains.
	Ind. Should only be used if the substance in question cannot cause serious environmental pollution or an explosive atmosphere in the sewer. Also see indication 21000. Should not be used if the substance reacts violently with water, or is insoluble in water.
21215000	Absorb remaining liquid in []sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.
	Expl. This applies to liquids which must not be allowed to enter the sewer because they are highly flammable (i.e., flash point < 21°C) or are dangerous to health or may cause serious environmental pollution. 'Safe place' means a place that is free from explosion hazards and where no persons can be exposed to the substance or where no environmental pollution is possible. Substances spilled in the laboratory can be cleared away by special equipment obtainable from the suppliers of the chemicals.
	Ind. This phrase may be completed by mentioning a special absorbent or by adding 'dry' if the substance should not come into contact with water. Also see indication 21000.
21217000	Do NOT wash away into sewer.
	Expl. This is mentioned as an extra warning in case of very flammable liquids which are practically insoluble in water, thus causing a serious explosion hazard in the sewer. Also for insoluble strong smelling substances (mercaptanes, amines, etc.).
	Ind. Applies for liquids with flash-point < 21°C and a solubility in water < 1 g/100 ml (i.e. not or only slightly soluble). Also see indication 21000. Do not use for environmental hazard - use 21245 instead.
21219000	Let solidify.
	Expl. It is preferable to clean up solids rather than liquids. When no acute risks for people or environment and the freezing point is low enough, wait with cleaning till the spill is solidified.
	Ind. Applies if a (warm) liquid with a melting or freezing point >25°C. (In warm climate zones: >35°C instead of >25°C). Also see ind. 21000.
21221000	Vacuum spilled material.
	Expl. Spill of powders can effectively cleaned up by vacuum cleaner.
	Ind. Apply for powders when they are not highly flammable or can be loaded by statistical electricity.
21221010	or
21221020	Use special equipment.
21222000	Sweep spilled substance into []containers.
	Expl. Apply when the spill does not need special treatment.
21222010	Moisten remainder
21223000	Sweep spilled substance into []containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
	Expl. Try to prevent dusting of powders by moistening; use a dust respirator as specified.
	Ind. In all phrases with '[] containers' this can be completed with a material specification. Use this possibility only when strictly necessary. Everyone knows for instance that acids should be collected in acid-resistant material, such an addition, therefore, being superfluous. Also see ind. 21000.
21223010	air tight
21223020	covered
21223030	dry
21223040	metal
21223050	plastic
21223060	sealable
21223070	water filled
21225000	Cautiously neutralize remainder[].
	Ind. Applies if a solid and a strong acid or base. Complete this phrase by mentioning the neutralizer (e.g., 'with chalk slurry' or 'with sodium bisulfate slurry') or by mentioning the process (e.g., 'by adding...'). Also see ind. 21000.
21227000	Then wash away with plenty of water.
	Ind. Should only be used if the substance in question cannot cause serious environmental pollution or an explosive atmosphere in the sewer. Should not be used if the substance reacts with water or is insoluble in water. To be used after, e.g., 21205 or 21225. Also see indication 21000.
21229000	Wash away remainder with plenty of water.
	Ind. Should only be used if the substance in question cannot cause serious environmental pollution or an explosive atmosphere in the sewer. Should not be used if the substance reacts with water or is insoluble in water.
21231000	Carefully collect remainder,
	Expl. This applies if the dispersion of the substance must definitely be prevented.
	Ind. Applies to solids whose dispersion should not be allowed due to:
	- high toxicity (rat oral LD50 < 200 mg/kg or T-label according to EC rules); or
	- capability of spontaneous ignition; or
	- highly flammable or explosive (14101, 14103, or 14121); or
	- environmental pollution (group C).
	Also see indication 21000.
21233000	Wipe up remainder in []
	Ind. This and 21235 are alternatives for 21215, also applicable for solids; they can be used together or separately. Complete this with the material or chemical to be used. Also see indication 21000.
21235000	then remove to safe place.
	Ind. This and 21233 are alternatives for 21215, also applicable for solids; they can be used together or separately. Also see indication 21000.
21237000	Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.
	Expl. Applies to substances which could cause self-heating and ignition of combustible adsorbents.
	Ind. Applies to liquids or solid strong oxidants or reductants (13361 or 13363). Also see indication 21000.
	(13361/63)
21239000	NEVER direct water jet on liquid.
	Expl. This applies to liquids with a very low temperature and to liquids which can vigorously react with water. Addition of water greatly increases the rate of evaporation.
	Ind. Applies if a compressed liquefied gas, liquid with a temperature < -30°C, or a liquid which violently reacts with water.
21241000	Remove [] with fine water spray.
	Ind. Applies to gases, vapours, or fumes (complete with one of these) which are fairly soluble in water or react with water producing water-soluble compounds.
21241010	airborne particles
21241020	fumes
21241030	gas
21241040	vapour
21243000	[]

Environmental precautions
21245000	Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.
	Expl. Release to the environment of a substance should be avoided when the substance is hazardous to the environment (acute or long-term), or when bioaccumulation can occur.
	Ind. Apply this phrase when section Environmental Data is filled in.
	(13903, 13905, 13907, 13909).

Personal protection:
21301000	Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Expl. This is recommended for extra protection when a toxic gas or the vapour from a liquid or solid may reach a harmful concentration during disposal activities. Also see expl. 21300.
	N.B.: Permission to wear self-contained breathing apparatus must only be granted to people who have current medical clearance for its use and who practice regular use of the apparatus.
	Ind. Applies if a gas, or a liquid or solid with a RIR >= 120, or powders with an OEL/TWA <= 0.1 mg/m³ and a RIR between 12 and 120. Applies also for freons.
21303000	Personal protection: P1 filter respirator for inert particles.
	Expl. Equipment of this type is recommended as extra personal protection against substances that, when dispersed in air, will be harmful if inhaled. Dust masks or respirators for particles consist of a face piece and a filter, sometimes combined together. The mesh of the filter is selected according to the toxicity of the particles. Instead of describing the respirator being effective against inert, harmful, or toxic particles, it is often specified as respirator with a P1, P2, or P3 filter, respectively (P for particle). Respirators for particle filtration are only effective if the air contains a minimum of 18% oxygen and is free from harmful gases and vapours. They should only be used in situations where a high level of mobility of the wearer is required. The choice of the respirator's face piece also depends on the toxicity of the particles. Additional information can be given in ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
	Ind. Applies for substances with a b.p. >= 350°C, which may come as a fine powder or as mist (i.e., hazard of dispersion in air on handling). The dust respirator phrases should not be used if the substance is physiologically inert (i.e. 13619 is used) or if the spontaneous dispersion of the substance in air is highly unlikely for any reason, including its hygroscopic properties. Applies if the (estimated) OEL/TWA >= 10 mg/m³.
21305000	Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles.
	Expl. Equipment of this type is recommended as extra personal protection against substances that, when dispersed in air, will be harmful if inhaled. Dust masks or respirators for particles consist of a face piece and a filter, sometimes combined together. The mesh of the filter is selected according to the toxicity of the particles. Instead of describing the respirator being effective against inert, harmful, or toxic particles, it is often specified as respirator with a P1, P2, or P3 filter, respectively (P for particle). Respirators for particle filtration are only effective if the air contains a minimum of 18% oxygen and is free from harmful gases and vapours. They should only be used in situations where a high level of mobility of the wearer is required. The choice of the respirator's face piece also depends on the toxicity of the particles. Additional information can be given in ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
	Ind. Apply for substances with a b.p. >= 350°C, which may come as a fine powder or as a mist. (Hazard of dispersion in air on handling). The dust respirator phrases should not be used if the substance is physiologically inert or if the spontaneous dispersion of the substance in air is highly unlikely for any reason, including its hygroscopic properties. Applies if the (estimated) OEL/TWA < 10 mg/m³ and > 0.1 mg/m³.
21307000	Personal protection: P3 filter respirator for toxic particles.
	Expl. Equipment of this type is recommended as extra personal protection against substances that, when dispersed in air, will be harmful if inhaled. Dust masks or respirators for particles consist of a face piece and a filter, sometimes combined together. The mesh of the filter is selected according to the toxicity of the particles. Instead of describing the respirator being effective against inert, harmful or toxic particles, it is often specified as respirator with a P1, P2 or P3 filter, respectively (P for particle). Respirators for particle filtration are only effective if the air contains a minimum of 18% oxygen and is free from harmful gases and vapours. They should only be used in situations where a high level of mobility of the wearer is required. The choice of the respirator's face piece also depends on the toxicity of the particles. Additional information can be given in ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
	Ind. Applies for substances with a b.p. >= 350°C, which may come as a fine powder or a mist (hazard of dispersion in air on handling). The dust respirator phrases should not be used if the substance is physiologically inert (i.e. 13619 is used) or if spontaneous dispersion of the substance in air is highly unlikely for any reason, including its hygroscopic properties. Applies if the (estimated) OEL/TWA <= 0.1 mg/m³ (and RIR < 12). Also for solid carcinogens and mutagens (see 13831, 13833, 13841, and 13843).
21309000	Personal protection: A/P2 filter respirator for organic vapour and harmful dust.
	Expl. Applies to solid substances which may form aerosols of harmful dust and also generate noxious vapours.
	Ind. Applies if an organic substance with an (estimated) OEL/TWA < 10 mg/m³ and a RIR index between 12 and 120.
21311000	Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Expl. This is recommended for extra personal protection when the gas, vapour, or mist may cause injury both to the respiratory tract and the undamaged skin. The safety officer should be consulted for further details.
	Ind. Applies to gases:
	- if corrosive to the skin, or
	- if absorbed by the skin
	Applies to liquids and solids:
	1) if the RIR > 120 and the vapour of the substance:
	a) is corrosive to the skin, or
	b) will be absorbed by the skin. Or
	2) if the substance on contact with (humid) air produces gases, vapours, or mists which
	a) are corrosive to the skin, or
	b) will be absorbed by the skin.
	3) applies to compounds with RIR above 20 000 and which are absorbed through the skin.
	Liquids and solids that can be absorbed by the skin should note regarded as also being absorbed in the gas or vapour phase. Absorption of gas/vapour is often much less serious than absorption of liquid/solid. Only when absorption of the substance in the gas or vapour phase is clearly mentioned in toxicological literature should this be used in the decision to apply 21311. Liquids whose vapours are absorbed by the skin to a high degree include, e.g., carbon disulphide, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl bromide (the latter is more a gas than a liquid).
	N.B.: the application of 16207 'avoid all contact' does not automatically imply the use of 21311. 'Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus' means practically a 'moonsuit' and should therefore only be applied in accordance with the criteria. Arguments should be provided for exceptions.
21313000	Use face shield.
	Ind. This phrase applies to compounds which are corrosive to eyes and skin, to skin sensitizers, to medium strong acids/bases, to liquefied gases and to strongly irritating compounds.
21315000	Personal protection: []
	Expl. This phrase has a window allowing a choice of the following phrases:
	01 filter respirator for organic gases and vapours
	02 filter respirator for organic vapours of low boiling compounds
	03 filter respirator for inorganic gases, vapours and halogens
	04 filter respirator for acid gases
	05 chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus
	-Chemical protection suits provide complete protection from liquid splashes and most toxic and corrosive vapours. They are made of various materials and may be all encapsulating or may have separate gloves and/or boots.
	06 gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus
	-Gas-tight chemical protection suits are usually made of the most resistant materials such as Viton and neoprene. It is encapsulating: has integral gloves and boots and cover for a positive pressure breathing apparatus.
	Chemical protective clothing is required where the hazard to skin is more than can safely be met with normal overalls. This is of particular importance for liquefied and refridgerated gases with boiling point < -20°C because of the risk of frost bite, necessitating the adoption of thermal protection.
21315010	filter respirator for organic gases and vapours.
21315020	filter respirator for organic vapours of low boiling compounds.
	Ind. For organic vapours of low boiling compounds (less than 65 °C).
21315030	filter respirator for inorganic gases, vapours and halogens.
	Ind. For such as chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, cyanides.
21315040	filter respirator for acid gases.
	Ind. For sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride.
21315050	chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Expl. Chemical protection suit provides for a wearer protection from the liquid splashes and most of the toxic and corrosive vapours. They are made of various materials and may be all encapsulating or may be separate gloves and/or boots.
	Ind. Recommended for:
	- Substances with LD50 (dermal) less than 200 mg/kg
	- Toxic substances classified toxic by inhalation or ingestion with evidence of skin absorption. Skin absorption may be identified by TLV skin notation or EC risk phrases R21, R24, R27. The suit is also recommended for toxic/harmful pesticides which may be formulated with solvents that increase skin absorption.
	- Corrosive substances and substances that release toxic and corrosive vapours
	- Molten substances at temperatures above 55°C
	- Liquefied and refrigerated gases.
21315060	gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Expl. Gas tight chemical protection suits are usually made of the most resistant materials such as Viton and neoprene. It is encapsulating: has integral gloves, boots and cover for positive pressure breathing apparatus. The suit maintains an internal pressure.
	Ind. Recommended for highly toxic and corrosive gases, for example, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia (concentrated solutions), bromine. The suit may be used also in case of gases and liquids which attack many protective clothing materials. Gas-tight suit provides greater protection for liquids and vapours because it maintains a positive pressure inside the suit.
21315070	protective gloves.
21315080	safety goggles.
21317000	Chemical protection suit.
	Ind. Recommended for compounds which have RIR above 400 and are corrosive, or RIR above 4000 with skin absorption, or RIR above 4000 and which are fuming releasing corrosive and/or toxic vapours (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide), or have a label of T or T+.
21319000	Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Ind. Use phrase 21315050.
21321000	Gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.
	Ind. Use phrase 21315060.
22000000	¦ STORAGE ¦
	Expl. The STORAGE instructions described in the ICSC are recommended primarily from the health and safety perspective. No consideration has been given, for example, to the (non-hazardous) deterioration of a chemical from the technical standpoint.
	Ind. The Peer-Review Committee should decide whether a particular instruction is strictly necessary.
22101000	Fireproof.
	Expl. This condition is specified for flammable substances and for flammable gases in cylinders. Also for solids which can develop combustible gases if in contact with water or water vapour and for solids which for any reason should be stored under fireproof conditions. 'Fire-proof' implies:
	- the construction (degree of fire-resistance) and location (with respect to other buildings) of the storage accommodation in relation to the quantity and flammability of the stored substances;
	- the possibility of collecting part of the stored liquid to limit spreading;
	- compartments within a building to separate reactive substances from one another;
	- special requirements for electrical, heating, and sewage installations;
	- adequate ventilation to open air;
	- provision of sufficient fire extinguishing agents and facilities;
	- regulations, e.g., for filling, discharging, and handling (decanting preferably in a separate room);
	- no-smoking and other warning signs; and
	- suitable packaging of stored substances.
	These items are often detailed in official national regulations; otherwise refer to specialized handbooks on fire prevention.
	Ind. Applies to:
	- gases in cylinders, only if combustible;
	- substances with flash points < 61°C and all those for which 14101, 14103, 14105, 14115, or 14121 has been used; or
	- substances which may decompose readily on heating, producing very toxic gases or vapours (rat LC50 (4 hr) <= 0.5 mg/l).
	N.B.: The condition 'fire-proof' is intended to reduce the fire hazards caused by the storage of flammable substances to a practicable minimum. In other words, prevent the supply of flammable material to a fire that has started and prevent contact of flammables with sources of ignition. 'Fire-proof' is not generally intended to restrict the hazard of evaporation of a liquid with a toxic vapour; it would lead to storage of nearly all liquids under fireproof conditions. An exception could be made for substances which should be kept out of the heat of a fire because they readily decompose on heating, producing very toxic gases or vapours. The use of 'fire-proof' for this purpose should not be frequent. Also see 22301 ('cool').
22103000	Fireproof if in building.
	Expl. 'Fire-proof' applies to gas-cylinders stored within a building, even if the gas is not combustible. See expl. 22000 and 22101.
	Ind. Applies if non-combustible gas in cylinders. Also see ind. 22101.
22105000	Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.
	Expl. On extinguishing a fire with water, the effluent will be polluted by the burning substance and its combustion products. In the case of very ecotoxic substances, storage provisions should be taken to prevent the effluent water from reaching sewers and/or surrounding surface waters.
	Ind. Applies to substances responding to the criteria of the phrases 13902 with the mention "very toxic" or "toxic", or 13907, or 23507.
22107000	[]
22201000	Separated from []
	Expl. This is recommended if the substance can react violently with the substances mentioned. IMPORTANT DATA, contains information about reactivity.
	Ind. Combine with one or more of 22202/03/05/07/08. These should not be used for substances in gas-cylinders!
22202000	combustible and reducing substances,
22203000	strong oxidants,
	Expl. This is recommended if the substance can react violently with the substances mentioned. IMPORTANT DATA, contains information about reactivity.
	Ind. Apply to reducing agents and to substances which may react vigorously with strong oxidants. See application of 13363 or 13381.
22205000	strong bases,
	Expl. This is recommended if the substance can react violently with the substances mentioned. IMPORTANT DATA, contains information about reactivity.
	Ind. If strong or medium strong acid (see 13367/68 or 13369/70).
22207000	strong acids,
	Expl. This is recommended if the substance can react violently with the substances mentioned. IMPORTANT DATA, contains information about reactivity.
	Ind. If strong or medium strong base (see 13373/74 or 13375/76).
22209000	acids,
	Expl. This is recommended if the substance can react violently with the substances mentioned. IMPORTANT DATA, contains information about reactivity.
	Ind. Applies to cyanides, nitrites, sulfides, sulfites, and other substances which may react with (medium) strong acids developing toxic gases/vapours.
22211000	[]
	Expl. This is recommended if the substance can react violently with the substances mentioned. IMPORTANT DATA, contains information about reactivity.
	Ind. Complete with the name(s) of the chemical(s) with which the substance may react vigorously. Only to be used if the named chemicals are reasonably common in industrial or laboratory practice.
	'Food and feedstuff' should be used for all pesticides regardless of the classification in EU countries or by UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. 'Incompatible materials' is to be used in rare cases.
22211010	acid anhydrides
22211020	acid chlorides
22211030	alcohols
22211040	alkali metals
22211050	aluminium
22211060	amines
22211070	anhydrides
22211080	bases
22211090	copper
22211100	food and feedstuffs
	Ind. Apply for pesticides, chemicals classified as 6.1 or 8 by the UN Committee of Experts for Transport of Dangerous Goods, corrosive substances, and substances with oral LD50 < 300 mg/kg (GHS).
22211110	halogens
22211120	iron
22211130	metals
22211140	oils and fats
22211150	organics
22211160	oxidants
22211170	oxygen
22211180	powdered metals
22211190	strong reducing agents
22211200	water
22211210	zinc
22211230	[]incompatible materials
22211240	and
22211250	or
22213000	[]
22215000	See Chemical Dangers.
	Expl. This phrase is selected only in some cases where there is a long list of chemicals reacting with the substance. It is always preferable to repeat the class or even name of substances susceptible to react violently with the chemical.
	Ind. Use the phrase after selecting 22201and 22211230 'Separated from incompatible materials'. In the case, some chemicals are already cited in the phrase 22211, use 'Separated from... and [other] incompatible materials. See chemical dangers.'
22301000	Cool.
	Expl. This is applicable to cylinders, highly volatile liquids, and to substances which may decompose, polymerize, or form peroxides upon warming. In general a storage temperature below 25°C will be sufficient.
	Ind. Applies if 'very volatile' is used (see indication 13113), or if an undesired reaction occurs, or dissolved gas comes free on warming above 30°C.
22303000	Cooled.
	Ind. Applies if a storage temperature < 10°C is necessary.
22305000	Dry.
	Expl. his applies to hygroscopic and deliquescent substances as well as to substances which may react with water and/or moist air.
	Ind. Applies to hygroscopic and deliquescent substances, and chemicals that may react with water or moist air.
22307000	Keep in the dark.
	Ind. Apply if the chemical reacts or polymerises, or forms peroxides under the influence of light. Do not use when exposure to light degrades the quality of the substance, e.g., by discoloration, without creating hazardous conditions.
22308000	Well closed.
	Ind. Use for toxic or very toxic substances, or for substances with a high vapour pressure, Use for hygroscopic and deliquescent substances, for substances which may react with water and/or moist air, for substances with peroxide formation and for substances with strong smell (e.g. mercaptans). It is also recommended to use this phrase in case of radioactive substances because of the problem of decontamination when the substance is spilled. Also use for liquids in bottles and drums.
	(22301)
22309000	Ventilation along the floor.
	Expl. This applies to substances which may form dense vapour/air mixtures that stay near the floor.
	Ind. Applies if boiling point is < 350°C and flash point > 61°C or if non-combustible and the relative density of vapour/air mixture >= 1.0 at 20°C.
22311000	Ventilation along the floor and ceiling.
	Ind. Applies if a gas with molecular mass < 29 (check 11503/11505).
22313000	Keep in a well-ventilated room.
	Ind. For substances for which 22309 does not apply, but nevertheless on long storage need ventilation because they very slowly release harmful vapours, e.g., high boiling pesticides.
22401000	Keep under inert gas.
	Expl. This applies to substances which readily react or polymerise on contact with air. Nitrogen or a noble gas is generally suitable for use as an inert gas. If flue gas or carbon dioxide is available, an expert must first be consulted.
	Ind. Apply if the substance reacts or polymerises readily on contact with air.
22403000	Keep under [].
22403010	alcohol
22403020	mineral oil
22403030	oxygen
22403040	petroleum
22403050	water
22405000	Store only if stabilized.
	Expl. This applies to substances which tend to polymerize or which may either react violently or form hazardous compounds during storage (with, e.g., atmospheric oxygen, peroxide formation, etc.). The selection of a suitable inhibitor or stabilizer must always be left to an expert, whose assistance is also needed when there is uncertainty as to whether the inhibitor has been added. The expert should also check if the stabilizer alters the toxicological properties of the substance and adjust the preventive measures when necessary.
	Ind. Apply if the substance polymerises or may react violently or form hazardous compounds during storage (with, e.g., atmospheric oxygen, peroxide formation, etc.).
	24435
22407000	Do not store or transport in [].
	Expl. Especially in countries with low technical standards and legislation, it happens often that compounds are divided from the original packaging and stored in normal daily used packaging like tins, cans, bottles etc.
	Ind. Select the phrase in case of reaction with material that is used for storing or transport (temporary storage), like Al, Zn, plastics, glass.
22409000	Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
	Expl. Some substances, when released in the sewer, could cause a serious explosion hazard, and other substances could initiate an environmental problem. To avoid this, it would be preferable to store such substances in rooms where there is no open drain connected to a sewer.
	Ind. Use the phrase when 21217 or 21245 is selected.
23000000	¦ PACKAGING & LABELLING ¦
	Expl. In general, the original packing will be the best. With some substances, such as organic peroxides, a change of packing material may even involve great risks. Generally, closed packaging or packaging capable of being closed is necessary because:
	- dissipation of the substance (e.g., evaporation) is always undesirable;
	- open packaging can lead to contamination resulting in a risk of undesirable reactions.
23101000	Airtight.
	Expl. This condition is specified when contact of the substance with air causes danger.
	Ind. Especially for substances that react with humid air and to prevent the formation of peroxides. Not to be used to control (normal) evaporation.
23103000	Special material.
	Expl. This phrase is only used if a need for special packaging material cannot be regarded as common knowledge. It is assumed that persons who deal frequently with chemicals are acquainted with the corrosivity of acids, bases, and solutions in water to common steel and many other metals and with the unsuitability of many plastics for containing organic solvents or liquids. The supplier of the substance can usually advise the selection of an appropriate material.
23105000	Unbreakable packaging; put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.
	Expl. This condition is specified for very dangerous substances. The breakable packaging is imparted greater protection by the unbreakable one. The enclosing vessel serves in addition as collecting vessel in case of rupture.
	Ind. Apply if:
	- a liquid with a RIR >= 4000;
	- a liquid with a ratio of the p₂₀ to LEL >= 300 (see 21103);
	- a liquid concentrated strong acid or base; or
	- a powder with an OEL/TWA <= 0.1 mg/m³.
23107000	Special insulated container.
	Ind. Apply to gases liquefied by cooling, and kept in open containers (i.e., 13109).
23109000	Special insulated cylinder.
	Ind. Apply to compressed liquefied gases which have to be stored cooled, e.g., for reasons of stability.
23110000	Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.
	Ind. Apply for chemicals classified as 6.1 or 8 by the UN Committee of Experts for Transport of Dangerous Goods.
H226	EU Classification
	Expl. In countries of European Union, chemicals have to be labelled with symbols of the most important hazards to man. The meanings of these symbols are related to the 'nature of the special risks attaching to dangerous substances' (R phrases), and to the 'safety advice concerning dangerous substances' (S phrases). Their precise meaning can be found in Annexes to EC Directive 93/21/EEC, as amended.
	As the use of these symbols is fairly widespread, they will be understood when used on ICSCs in many countries. In addition to these symbols, the ICSCs should also contain Risk and Safety phrases, according to the criteria system devised by the European Union. In ICSCs, R and S phrases are only mentioned by their numbers. A 'Note' is sometimes attached and indicated by a letter: Note A, B,...
	Ind. Complete with applicable numbers, separated by hyphens. The numbers of combined phrases are separated by slashes.
	Example: R: 14-21/22-43.
	Applies according to the official interpretation of the EC Directive.
	Examine whether the selected ICSC Standard Phrases are compatible with the applicable R and S phrases for the substance in question. Check the draft of your ICSC for the differences and if correct, keep it that way. The deviations have to be discussed by the Peer-Review Committee.
H415	Symbol
H030	R phrases
H036	S phrases
23305000	Note: []
	Expl. A The name of the substance must appear on the label. The symbols, R- and S-phrases are required to be used as shown in Annex I to Directive 67/548/EEC.
	B The percentage of the concentration of the solution must be stated on the label.
	C It must be stated in the label whether the substance is a specific isomer or a mixture of isomers.
	D Substances susceptible to spontaneous polymerization are generally placed on the market in a stabilized form. However, they are sometimes placed on the market in non-stabilized form. In this case, the label must contain the name of the substance followed by 'non-stabilized'.
	E Substances that are classified carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or toxic for reproduction (categories 1 and 2), are ascribed Note E if they are also classified as T+, T or Xn , the risk phrases (R20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 39, 68, 48, 65) and all combinations of these phrases shall be preceded by the word 'also'.
	F If the added stabilizer changes the dangerous properties of the substance (Annex I) a label should be provided in accordance with the rules for the labelling of dangerous preparations.
	G If the substance is in an explosive form a label should be provided reflecting its explosive property.
	H Applies to certain coal and oil-derived substances.
	J Applies only to certain complex coal and oil-derived substances; the classification of carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains benzene < 0.1% by volume.
	K Applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances; the classification of carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains 1,3-butadiene < 0.1% by volume. If the substance is not classified as a carcinogen, at least S (2-)9-16 should apply.
	L Applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances; the classification of carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 3% DMSO extract as measured by IP346.
	M Applies only to certain complex coal-derived substances; the classification of carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains benzo(a)-pyrene < 0.005% by volume.
	N Applies only to certain complex coal and oil-derived substances; the classification of carcinogen need not apply if the full refining history is known and it can be shown that the substance from which it is produced is not a carcinogen.
	P The classification of carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains benzene < 0.1% by volume. When the substance is classified as a carcinogen, Note E shall also apply. When the substance is not classified as a carcinogen at least S (2-)23-24-62 shall apply. Applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances.
	Q The classification of carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance fulfils one of the following conditions:
	-short biopersistence test (inhalation) shows that the fibres longer than 20 micrometer have a weighted half-life < 10 days
	-short biopersistence test (intratrancheal) shows that the fibres longer than 20 micrometer have a weighted half-life < 40 days
	-an appropriate intra-peritoneal test has shown no excess carcinogenicity
	-absence of relevant pathogenicity or neoplastic changes in a suitable long term inhalation test.
	R The classification of carcinogen need not apply to fibres with a length weighted geometric mean diameter less than two standard errors greater than 6 micrometers.
	S This substance may not require a standard label according to Article 23 (Annex VI, section 8 Commission Directive 98/98/EC).
	Ind. Use if applicable and complete with A, B, C, D, E, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R and S. Apply according to the official interpretation of the EC criteria as described in 'Legislation on Dangerous Substances, Classification and labelling in the European Communities', vol. I and II, published by the Office for Official Publications of the EC, Luxembourg 1987, and the latest Adaptation to Technical Progress. Examine whether the selected ICSC standard phrases are compatible with the applicable R and S phrases for the substance in question. Check the draft of your ICSC for differences and if correct, keep it that way. The deviations have to be discussed by the Peer-Review Committee.
23500000	UN Classification
23503000	UN Hazard Class
	Ind. Mention the UN Hazard Class when available; see 11911 for the UN number. Complete with the applicable number which can be found in the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, latest revised edition. See also the latest edition of the legal file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) of United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva. Also mention the UN Subsidiary Risks (23504) and Packing Group (23505).
	Class 1. Explosives:
	Division 1.1 Substances & articles which have a mass explosion hazard.
	(NOTE: A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load virtually instantaneously.)
	Division 1.2 Substances & articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.
	Division 1.3 Substances & articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard.
	Division 1.4 Substances & articles which present no significant hazard.
	Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances & articles; mass explosion hazard.
	Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles; no mass explosion hazard.
	Class 2. Gases (compressed, liquefied, dissolved under pressure, or refrigerated):
	This class comprises (a) permanent gases - gases which cannot be liquefied at ambient temperatures; (b) liquefied gases - gases which come liquid under pressure at ambient temperatures; (c) dissolved - gases dissolved under pressure in a solvent, which may be absorbed in a porous material; and (d) refrigerated permanent gases such as liquid air, oxygen, etc.
	Division 2.1 Flammable gases
	Division 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
	Division 2.3 Toxic gases.
	Class 3. Flammable Liquids: Flammable liquids are liquids, or mixtures of liquids, or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension (for example, paints, varnishes, lacquers, etc., but not including substances otherwise classified on account of their dangerous characteristics) which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures of not more than 60.5°C, closed-cup test, or not more than 65.6°C, open-cup test.
	Class 4. Flammable Solids: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, on contact with water, emit flammable gases.
	Division 4.1 Flammable solids. Solids, other than those classed as explosives, which under conditions encountered in transport are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.
	Division 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion. Substances liable to spontaneous heating under normal conditions encountered in transport, or heating up in contact with air, and being then liable to catch fire.
	Class 5. Oxidizing substances; organic peroxides
	Division 5.1 Oxidizing substances. Substances which, while in themselves not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other materials.
	Division 5.2 Organic peroxides. Organic substances which contain the bivalent -O-O- structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radical.
	Class 6. Poisonous (toxic) and infectious substances.
	Division 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) substances. These substances are liable either to cause death or serious injury or to harm human health if swallowed or inhaled, or by skin contact.
	23110
	Division 6.2 Infectious substances. Substances containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known, or suspected, to cause disease in animal or humans.
	Class 7. Radioactive material. A radioactive material is defined as any material for which the specific activity is greater than 70 kBq/kg (0.002 microCi/g).
	Class 8. Corrosives. These are substances which, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue, or, in case of leakage, will materially damage, or even destroy, other goods or the means of transport; they may also cause other hazards.
	23110
	Class 9. Miscellaneous dangerous substances. These are substances and articles which during the transport present a danger not covered by other classes.
23504000	UN Subsidiary Risks: []
	Ind. Mention when available; see 11911 for the UN number. Complete with applicable numbers. These can be found in the United Nations Recommendations for Transport of Dangerous Goods, prepared by the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, New York, latest edition. See also the Legal File of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) of United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, latest edition.
23505000	UN Packing Group: []
	Ind. Mention when available; see 11911 for the UN number. Complete with applicable numbers. These can be found in the United Nations Recommendations for Transport of Dangerous Goods prepared by the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, latest edition. See also the Legal File of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) of United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, latest edition. The recommendations on the packing of dangerous goods are based, in the main, on existing international and national regulations. Account is also taken of a prevailing trend to replace the detailed specifications of packaging, which may vary considerably from one country to another, by tests designed to ensure that packages containing dangerous goods can withstand normal conditions of transport and to ensure the desirable level of safety. When drafting the recommendations sight was not lost of improvements and changes that may occur as a result of progress in science and technology. So provisions are made for the use of packaging which, while not complying exactly with the specifications set out in the recommendations, would be nevertheless as satisfactory in every respect as those that do, and would successfully pass the recommended tests when prepared for transport.
	Dangerous goods of all classes other than UN Hazard Classes 1, 2, 6.2, and 7 (see 23503) have for packing purposes been divided among three groups according to the degree of danger they present:
	great danger: Packing Group I;
	medium danger: Packing Group II; and
	minor danger: Packing Group III.
23507000	[] marine pollutant.
	Expl. The United Nations Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed a classification system for chemicals with regard to their toxicity to marine life.
	Complete with 'Severe' when appropriate.
	Ind. The most recent list of marine pollutants established by the United Nations IMO should be consulted. See also the Legal File of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) of the United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, latest edition.
23507010	Severe
23601000	[]
23603000	[]
23605000	[]
24000000	¦ N O T E S ¦
24101000	[]
24111000	Temperature of decomposition unknown in literature.
	Ind. Can be combined with 12107 or 12117.
24113000	The apparent melting point caused by loss of crystal water is given.
	Ind. See 12113.
24115000	Other melting points: []
	Ind. See 12113.
24119000	Density of the liquid at boiling point: [] kg/l.
	Ind. Combine with 12301 for gases liquefied by cooling (e.g., stored in Dewar vessels); mention the absolute density in kg/l at the atmospheric boiling point.
24213000	The substance is combustible but no flash point is available in literature.
	Ind. See 12701.
24215000	Explosive limits are unknown in literature, although the substance is combustible and has a flash point < 61°C.
	Ind. See 12710.
24217000	Combustible vapour/air mixtures difficult to ignite, may be developed under certain conditions[].
	Ind. Combine with 14109.
24219000	Addition of small amounts of a flammable substance or an increase in the oxygen content of the air strongly enhances combustibility.
24221000	Turns combustible on addition of small amounts of a flammable substance or an increase in the oxygen content of the air.
	Expl. Many non-combustible substances, e.g., chloroform and trichloroethylene turn combustible and even form explosive vapour/air mixtures when the oxygen content of the air is higher than normal (e.g., during cleaning of oxygen lines) or when the substance is contaminated with a flammable liquid.
24223000	Will turn shock-sensitive if contaminated with [].
	Ind. Complete with applicable chemical group name, e.g., 'organic substances'.
24225000	Combustion in a confined space may turn into detonation.
	Ind. Combine with 13321.
24227000	Piping material for this gas must not contain over 63% of copper.
	Expl. Relates to gases which may form explosive compounds if in contact with metals containing more than 63% of copper.
	Ind. Combine with 13327.
24229000	Reacts violently with fire extinguishing agents such as [].
	Ind. Many non-combustible substances, e.g., chloroform and trichloroethylene turn combustible and even form explosive vapour/air mixtures when the oxygen content of the air is higher than normal (e.g., during cleaning of oxygen lines) or when the substance is contaminated with a flammable liquid.
	Expl. Combine with 14343, 14345, 14347, or 14349 and complete by naming the agent or agent group.
24229010	water
24229020	foam
24229030	powder
24229040	carbon dioxide
24229050	and
24317000	The occupational exposure limit value should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
	Expl. The OELs of some substances are so-called 'ceiling' values, denoted with a 'C' preceding the value. In such cases this is clarified by using this phrase in the Notes. Refer also to Occupational Exposure Limits of this guide.
	Ind. The application of this phrase depends on the OEL which will be printed on the ICSC. Compilers should use a tentative marking for the application of this phrase.
24403000	Health effects of exposure to the substance have been investigated extensively but none has been found.
	Expl. Some chemicals do not represent a hazard to human health even at high, and improbably high, levels of exposure.
	Ind. Applies if the available literature (following a thorough search) indicates that potential toxicity has been extensively and reliably investigated and indicates that there is no evidence of likely adverse effects. Use 24405 in cases where the chemical has not been investigated adequately. The selection of this phrase has to be approved by the Peer Review group.
24405000	Health effects of exposure to the substance have not been investigated[].
	Expl. The potential toxicity of some chemicals has not been investigated satisfactorily, because, for example, faulty protocols have been used, or results incorrectly interpreted. For some chemicals, little is known simply because no research has been carried out.
	Ind. Close with full stop if no data is available because no research has been done. Complete with 'adequately' if evidence shows that the available data were obtained through inadequately conducted research.
24405010	adequately
24407000	Environmental effects from the substance have been investigated but none has been found.
	Expl. Some chemicals do not represent a hazard to the environment even at high, and improbably high, levels of exposure.
	Ind. Applies if the available literature (following a thorough search) indicates that potential ecotoxicity has been extensively and reliably investigated and indicates that there is no evidence of likely adverse effects. Use 24409 in cases where the chemical has not been investigated adequately. The selection of this phrase has to be approved by the Peer Review group.
24409000	Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated[].
	Expl. The potential ecotoxicity of some chemicals has not been investigated satisfactorily, because, for example, faulty protocols have been used, or results incorrectly interpreted. For some chemicals, little is known simply because no research has been carried out.
	Ind. Close with full stop if no data is available because no research has been done. Complete with 'adequately' if evidence shows that the available data were obtained through inadequately conducted research.
24409010	adequately
24413000	Use of alcoholic beverages enhances the harmful effect.
24415000	[]
24417000	Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested.
	Expl. Depending on the situation, periodical medical examination of persons exposed to a substance may be desirable. The need, if any, must be assessed in joint consultation between the medical officer and the safety officer.
24419000	The symptoms of lung oedema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation is therefore essential.
	Expl. With some substances there is a distinct interval between the moment of exposure and the onset of the first symptoms. In such cases, observation (if possible in a hospital) may be necessary in order to have instant medical aid available, should the need arise.
	Ind. Applies in combination with 13719.
24421000	Immediate administration of an appropriate inhalation therapy by a doctor or a person authorized by him/her, should be considered.
	Ind. Can be combined with 24419.
	(13719) (24419)
24422000	The symptoms of asthma often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation are therefore essential.
	Expl. With some substances there is a distinct interval between the moment of exposure and the onset of the first symptoms. In such cases, observation (if possible in a hospital) may be necessary in order to have instant medical aid available, should the need arise.
	Ind. 24423 should always be used with this phrase. Apply in combination with 13721.
	24423
24423000	Anyone who has shown symptoms of asthma due to this substance should avoid all further contact.
	Ind. 24422 should always be used with this phrase. Apply in combination with 13721.
24424000	The symptoms of [] do not become manifest until [].
	Expl. With some substances there is a distinct interval between the moment of exposure and the onset of the first symptoms. In such cases, observation (if possible in a hospital) may be necessary in order to have instant medical aid available, should the need arise.
	Ind. Apply in combination with 13723 and/or 17145.
24424020	a few hours or even a few days have passed and they are aggravated by physical
24424030	hours
24424040	days
24424050	weeks
24425000	Specific treatment is necessary in case of poisoning with this substance; the appropriate means with instructions must be available.
	Ind. Apply if the substance causes fast and serious intoxication, requiring immediate action.
24427000	Insufficient data are available on the effect of this substance on human health, therefore utmost care must be taken.
	Ind. To be used only if there is no selected phrase in the section 13700 or 13800, or if the selected phrases are based on the analogy with the substances belonging to the same class.
24428000	Data on similar substances suggest that there may be environmental effects of this substance.
24428010	Therefore utmost care must be taken to avoid release into the environment.
	Ind. Use when no data are available and data with similar compounds suggest that there may be potential environmental effects. Complete with phrase 24409 and 24409010 'adequately' if evidence shows that the available data were obtained through inadequately conducted research.
24429000	High concentrations in the air cause a deficiency of oxygen with the risk of unconsciousness or death.
	Expl. This applies to gases with little or no direct harmful action (so-called simple asphyxiants) and some liquids with a high vapour pressure. When these substances are dissipated in the work space the oxygen concentration in the air may drop below the limit required for breathing, especially in a confined workspace with poor ventilation. Special care is necessary when working with suffocating gases liquefied by cooling (so-called cryogenics). If accidentally released the liquid will evaporate quickly causing a very hazardous situation. When dealing with cryogenics, strict procedures have to be followed regarding instruction, supervision, ventilation, personal protection, monitoring, and rescue. Oxygen deficiency often leads to a sudden loss of consciousness without any preliminary symptoms. If this hazard is present, always work with a self-contained breathing apparatus; a filter respirator does not give any protection.
	Ind. Applies if 13207 was used, or if the substance is a simple asphyxiant, as e.g.: acetylene, argon, ethane, ethylene, helium, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, propane, propylene.
	N.B.: Always check whether a gas is still considered to be a simple asphyxiant. The limit of a saturated vapour pressure > 100 mbar at 20°C (see 13207) has been chosen because the evaporation of a liquid with that vapour pressure can theoretically lower the oxygen content of the air in a closed space from a normal of 20.7 vol % to 18.6%, which is dangerously low.
	24431
24431000	Check oxygen content before entering area.
	Ind. Applies if 24429 or 13365 was used.
24432000	If the substance is formulated with solvents also consult the ICSCs of these materials.
	Ind. (24437)
24433000	[]
24434040	The technical product may contain impurities which alter the health effects; for further information see ICSC----.
24435000	An added stabilizer or inhibitor can influence the toxicological properties of this substance, consult an expert.
	Ind. Applies if 22405 was used.
24437000	Carrier solvents used in commercial formulations may change physical and toxicological properties.
	Ind. Applies for pure substances which in practice are often used in commercial formulations. Refer to the relevant ICSCs (i.e., use 24621).
24438000	Uses of this substance as ultra-fine particles (<100nm) (nanoparticles) may produce adverse effects at concentrations well below those indicated on this Card. Utmost care should be taken.
	Ind. This phrase should ONLY be used if ultrafine particles are generated during manufacture or use or the substance is specifically prepared and used in an ultrafine form AND there are specific references in the literature to biological effects of ultrafine particles on human and/or experimental animals for that substance. The inclusion of this statement should be a peer-review group decision
24501000	The odour warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient.
	Expl. Assessment of the quality of air based on the presence or absence of odours is not reliable and is discouraged. Odour threshold values are therefore not mentioned on the ICSCs. Odour may, nevertheless, provide a warning of the presence of a dangerous gas or vapour although this should not be depended on as an indication that an OEL has or has not been reached. One or another of these phrases can be used as an extra warning.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the Odour Safety Factor < 26 and > 0. (Refer to Appendix 7).
24502000	There is no odour warning even when toxic concentrations are present.
	Expl. Assessment of the quality of air based on the presence or absence of odours is not reliable and is discouraged. Odour threshold values are therefore not mentioned on the ICSCs. Odour may, nevertheless, provide a warning of the presence of a dangerous gas or vapour although this should not be depended on as an indication that a toxic concentration has or has not been reached. One or another of these phrases can be used as an extra warning.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the substance is odourless and has a boiling point < 350°C.
24503000	The relation between odour and the occupational exposure limit cannot be indicated.
	Expl. Assessment of the quality of air based on the presence or absence of odours is not reliable and is discouraged. Odour threshold values are therefore not mentioned on the ICSCs. Odour may, nevertheless, provide a warning of the presence of a dangerous gas or vapour although this should not be depended on as an indication that an OEL has or has not been reached. One or another of these phrases can be used as an extra warning.
	Ind. Use this phrase if the boiling point < 350°C and the OEL/TWA or odour threshold value are not available. If Odour Safety Factor >= 26 or the substance has a boiling point >=350°C, none of these phrases should be used. (Substances with a b.p. >= 350°C are considered to not generate noxious vapours in harmful concentrations).
24505000	[]
24507000	Do NOT take working clothes home.
	Expl. This warning is only given for some very toxic substances. Work clothing contaminated with these substances could endanger the health of family members.
	Ind. Applies if a solid or a high boiling liquid with OEL/TWA <= 0.1 mg/m³ or with a rat oral LD50 <= 25 mg/kg. Also applies if it is a carcinogen or sensitizer or for the substances with high risk of fire hazard.
24509000	Rinse contaminated clothes (fire hazard) with plenty of water.
	Expl. This applies to strong oxidants and to strong reducing agents as these can initiate burning of textile.
24511000	Do NOT use in the vicinity of a fire or a hot surface, or during welding.
	Expl. While this phrase could also be applicable to combustible substances, its inclusion means that the substance, though not combustible, may release phosgene at high temperatures or under influence of UV radiation. This applies in particular to certain non-combustible compounds containing chlorine.
	Ind. Combine with 13333 for those substances which may develop phosgene or fluophosgene.
24513000	Check for peroxides prior to distillation; eliminate if found.
	Expl. Treatment with ferrous sulfate or ferrous thiocyanate or by passing the liquid over a column of activated alumina are suitable methods to eliminate peroxides.
	Ind. Combine with 13301/07.
24515000	NEVER pour water into this substance; when dissolving or diluting always add it slowly to the water.
	Expl. This warning is used for substances which develop much heat on dissolving or diluting. The heat could cause sudden boiling or formation of corrosive mists.
	Ind. Use e.g., for concentrated sulfuric acid or solid sodium hydroxide.
24517000	Do NOT spray water on leaking cylinder (to prevent corrosion of cylinder).
	Ind. Applies if the cylinder contains a gas that is corrosive to steel.
24519000	Turn leaking cylinder with the leak up to prevent escape of gas in liquid state.
	Ind. Applies if the cylinder contains liquefied or dissolved gases.
24520000	Wear protective equipment during this operation.
24521000	After use for welding, turn valve off; regularly check tubing, etc., and test for leaks with soap and water.
	Ind. Applies to welding gases contained in cylinders.
	24522
24522000	The measures mentioned in section PREVENTION are applicable to production, filling of cylinders, and storage of the gas.
	Ind. Applies to welding gases contained in cylinders.
24611000	The recommendations on this Card also apply to [].
	Ind. This phrase can sometimes be used to mention chemicals which are toxicologically and chemically closely related to the substance on this ICSC. In such cases the recommendations on this ICSC can be used for those chemicals as well. The names of those chemicals should be included in the register of substances, with reference to the MAIN NAME of the ICSC.
24613000	[] is a trade name.
	Ind. All available trade names should be mentioned for the ICSC database. Apply in the case of trade names which are used world-wide.
24615000	[] are trade names.
	Ind. All available trade names should be mentioned for the ICSC database. Apply in the case of trade names which are used world-wide.
24616000	Common name: [].
24617000	Also consult publication [].
	Ind. If relevant national publications on the substance in question are available, these should be mentioned (e.g., Labour Inspectorate guidelines on specific use of a substance).
24621000	See[] ICSC [####].
	Ind. References should be made to ICSCs of related substances (ICSC # and MAIN NAME).
24622000	Consult national legislation.
H018	Emergency Response
24711000	Transport Emergency Card: TEC (R)-[]
	Expl. The CEFIC (Conseil Européen des Fédérations de l'Industrie Chimique) publishes a dangerous cargo card of this substance, which specifies the measures to be taken in the event of an accident during transport. Consult the head office of CEFIC at Brussels for further information.
	Ind. Use this phrase if relevant and complete with the applicable number.
24801000	NFPA Code: H[]; F[]; R[]; []
	Expl. In this code the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Boston (USA) indicates:
	- the relative risk to health H (blue)
	- the flammability F (red)
	- the instability or reactivity R (yellow)
	- possible specific hazards (white)
	Each of the first three aspects is assigned a value from 0 to 4, the greater the risk, the higher the value assigned. Labelling with the so-called 'hazard diamond' is used frequently on fixed installations. The meaning of the numbers in hazard categories H, F, and R is summarized in National Fire Protection Association, NFPA Standard 704.
	N.B.: The NFPA assessment of risks sometimes differs from that adopted by the Editorial Staff of the ICSCs. In addition, decomposition products arising from a fire are sometimes included among the health hazards. The fourth space of the diamond is used for special hazards. The NFPA specifies these special hazards as follows:
	- Materials which demonstrate unusual reactivity with water shall be identified with the letter W with a horizontal line through the centre;
	- Materials which possess oxidizing properties shall be identified by the letters OX; or
	- Materials possessing radioactivity hazards shall be identified by the standard radioactivity symbol.
	Ind. Use this symbol and complete it with the appropriate numbers. The numbers can be found in NFPA Standards 49 and 325, latest editions. If 'non-fire' and 'fire' numbers are given use the non-fire numbers. Do NOT use this phrase if the substance is not mentioned in the NFPA standards. The NFPA hazard ratings should be checked on compatibility with the draft of the ICSC. If there are significant differences check for the correct application of the standard phrases used. When in doubt, keep to the phrases based on the indications of this guide and on your professional judgement.
27000000	REFERENCES
27001000	1. *ACGIH (year) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Cincinnati.
27002000	2. *BERUFSGENOSSENSCHAFT DER CHEMISCHEN INDUSTRIE (cont.) Toxikologische Bewertungen (toxicological evaluations).
27003000	3. *CEFIC (year) Tremcards reference edition. CEFIC transport emergency cards. National Chemical Emergency Centre - Harwell, UK.
27004000	4. *CHEMDATA: National Chemical Emergency Centre - Harwell, UK, Emergency response information system indexed on approximately 70 000 substance names.
27005000	5. *CLAYTON, G.D. & CLAYTON, F.E., ed., (year), Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology, xx edition, New York, John Wiley and Sons.
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    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations