SIDS INITIAL ASSESSMENT PROFILE on Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

OECD SIDS SODIUM DEDOCYL SULFATE

SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE

CAS N°: 151-21-3

SIDS INITIAL ASSESSMENT PROFILE

CAS NO	151-21-3
Chemical Name	Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
Structural formula	CH₃-(CH₂)₁₁-O-SO₃^-Na⁺
RECOMMENDATION OF THE SPONSOR COUNTRY [ X ] presently of low priority for further work [ ] requiring further information to assess identified concerns [ ] candidate for in-depth risk assessment with a view to possible risk reduction activities (1) Based on an initial assessment of the effect and exposure data provided in the SIDS dossier, the chemical can be considered to present a low potential for risk to man and the environment. Thus there is no current priority for undertaking post-SIDS testing and/or exposure analysis or an in-depth assessment.
SHORT SUMMARY WHICH SUPPORT THE REASONS FOR THE RECOMMENDATIONS The production volume of SDS is ca. 10,000 t/y in Germany. SDS is used as a surfactant in detergents, dispersants, cosmetics and toiletry. SDS is classified as "readily biodegradable" with "low bioaccumulation". The most sensitive environmental species to SDS is the clam Corbicula fluminea (30d-NOEC = 0.65 mg/l). All relevant toxicity endpoints are covered. SDS is a substance of low toxicity. The substance did not induce mutations in different test systems. The lowest NOAEL was established for repeated dose toxicity, being 100 mg/kg bw/day. The aquatic local PEC was estimated to be 2.3 µg/l, additional to a "background" regional PEC of further 2.3 µg/l. It is calculated that adult consumers may be exposed to up to 0.030 mg/kg/day and that babies may be exposed to 0.034 mg/kg/day. The highest consumer exposure, however, is estimated to occur to children, with the worst case exposure being 0.160 mg/kg/day. Babies (ca. 0.25 mg/kg/day) and adults (ca. 0.05 mg/kg/day) are exposed to a lesser extent. Occupational exposure is calculated to be about 0.100 mg/kg/day, and the combined consumer and occupational exposure for workers is about 0.130 mg/kg/day. Based on the NOEC of 0.65 mg/l, a risk to the aquatic compartment is not to be expected. A safety margin for worst case human exposure (children) of > 600 was established in the risk assessment. Taking into account the quality and quantity of the toxicological data and the kind of health effects observed (mild hepatotoxicity), a safety margin of > 600 is considered sufficient. Therefore, it is concluded that sodium dodecyl sulfate is of no concern with respect to human health.
IF FURTHER WORK IS RECOMMENDED, SUMMARISE ITS NATURE none

FULL SIDS SUMMARY

CAS-NO.: 151-21-3		SPECIES	PROTOCOL	RESULTS
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
2.1	Melting Point		NA	204-207 °C
2.2	Boiling Point		/	/ °C (at kPa)
2.3	Density		NA	400-600 kg/m³
2.4	Vapour Pressure		/	/ kPa at °C
2.5	Partition Coefficient (Log Pow)		NA (calc)	1.6
2.6 A	Water solubility		NA	150000 mg/l at°C
B	pH			6-9 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
	pKa		/	/
2.12	Oxidation : Reduction potential		/	/ mV
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE / BIODEGRADATION
3.1.1	Photodegradation		ND	In air T1/2 = / hour
3.1.2	Stability in water		ND	T1/2 = /min
3.2	Monitoring data		/
3.3	Transport and Distribution		estimated	preferred compartment: hydrosphere
			NA	BCF: 2.1 - 7.1
			NA	water-sediment: K = 70-100 l/kg
3.5	Biodegradation		OECD 301	readily biodegradable
			OECD Conf. test	elimination > 99%
			OECD 303A	elimination > 96%

ECOTOXICOLOGY (lowest effect concentrations only)
4.1	acute/prolonged toxicity to fish	Macrones vittatus	NA	LC50 (96 hr) =1.39 mg/l
		Menidia beryllina	EPA-600/4-87/028 (larvae)	LC50 (7 d) = 1.8 mg/l
		Saccobranchus fossilis	NA	NOEC (60d) =>= 2.24 mg/l
4.2	acute/prolonged toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (daphnia)	Homarus americanus	NA	EC50 (96 hr) =0.72 mg/l
		Brachionus rubens	EPA-600/4-85/013	EC50 (24 hr) =1.35 mg/l
		Corbicula fluminea	NA	NOEC (60d) = 0.65 mg/l

CAS-NO.: 151-21-3		SPECIES	PROTOCOL	RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.3	toxicity to aquatic plants e. g. algae	Sel. capri-cornutum	NA	EC50 (8 d) = 3.75 mg/l
		Champia parvula	EPA-600/4-87/028	EC50 (48 hr) =0.3 mg/l
4.4	toxicity to microorganisms	Photobact. phosphoreum	Microtox	EC50 (15 min) =0.38 mg/l
		Uronema parduczi	NA	TT (EC3) (20h) =0.75 mg/l
4.5.2	chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates ( daphnia )	Daphnia magna	EPA-600/3-75-009	NOEC (40d) = 2 mg/l
4.6.2	toxicity to terrestrial plants	Cicer arietinum	NA	EC50 (48 hr) =361 mg/l
TOXICOLOGY
5.1.1	acute oral toxicity	rat	NA	LD50 = 1200 mg/kg
5.1.3	acute dermal toxicity	rabbit guinea pig	NA NA	LD50 = ca. 600 mg/kg LD50 = >1200 mg/kg
5.4	repeated dose toxicity	rat	NA	NOAEL= 100 mg/kg/day (hepatotoxicity)
5.5	genetic toxicity in vitro
	bacterial test (gene mutation)	S. typhimurium	Ames test	negative (with and without metabolic activation)
	non-bacterial test (gene-mutation)	mice	Lymphoma cell forward mutation assay	negative (with and without metabolic activation)
	non-bacterial test (indicator test for gene and/or chromosome mutation)	Chinese hamster	Sister chromatid exchange	negative (with and without metabolic activation)
5.6	genetic toxicity in vivo (chromosome aberration)	rat	Micronucleus assay	negative
5.8	toxicity to reproduction	mice		NOAEL = 1000mg/kg/day (male fertility)
5.9	developmental toxicity / teratogenicity	mice rabbits		NOAEL £ 300 mg/kg/day (maternal toxicity) NOAEL = 400 mg/kg/day (resorption/litter loss) NOAEL =600 mg/kg/day (foetal malformation)
5.11	experience with human exposure	In experimental ulcer treatment up to 80 mg/kg/day (highest dose tested) were tolerated without adverse side effects. Up to 1 % are considered safe for cosmetic non-rinse-off products.










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       Toxicological Abbreviations